MEDIA IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION IN LATIN AMERICA

Terms like Internet, cyberspace, virtual reality, in short, globalization, have been frequently words for all of us, in recent years. This refers to the phenomenon that has shaken the people of this world. Are rapidly changing due to technological advances and complex levels reaching relations between countries, corporations, partnerships and people.The attempt to understand the phenomenon of globalization is compounded when we try to understand the term, coined by Marshall McLuhan.McLuhan was born in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and studied at the Universities of Manitoba and Cambridge, the latter of which he received his degree of Doctor of Philosophy specializing in English Literature. He taught at the universities of Wisconsin and St. Louis and University of the Assumption and Saint Michael's College, University of Toronto, where he was director of the Center for Culture and Technology.Marshall McLuhan and B. R. Powers, wrote the play, The Village Global1. The universe has become a village is the future predicted for them in the 60's. Today reality has overtaken the theory. However, this phenomenon is presented in this work, so whimsical style reminiscent of Jules Verne, but does not clarify the content of the term. While we believe that in the past there were attempts; globalize these attempts were very different from what we understand by globalization. 

El traslado de la capital del Reino de Guatemala (1773-1779). Conflicto de poder y juegos sociales

ResumenSegún los propios términos de los Ministros de la Real Audiencia, la decisión de reconstruir, en un lugar diferente, una nueva capital en la Capitanía General de Guatemala, tras los terremotos de 1773 provocó uno de los mayores asuntos que habrán ocurrido en las Audiencias de América. En este trabajo invitamos al lector a una nueva lectura del acontecimiento tomando en cuenta la complejidad de las apuestas financieras, la personalidad y la psicología de los actores sociales, los conflictos internos a las corporaciones municipales y eclesiásticas la influencia de las redes de poder que irrigaban la sociedad colonial. Una nueva luz en un conflicto del Antiguo Régimen que revela en toda su magnitud las trampas en que suelen caer los hombres de poder y con poca conciencia y de las consecuencias sociales de sus decisiones.AbstractIn their own words, the ministers of the Real Audiencia described the decision to rebuild, in a different location, a new capital for the Captaincy-General of Guatemala, after 1773 earthquakes destroyed the city as one of the greatest events that have occurred in the American Audiencias... In this work, we invite a new reading of this event, taking into account the complexity of the financial stakes, the personality, and psychology of the social actors, the internal conflicts of municipal and ecclesiastic corporations, and the influence of networks of power that reached throughout colonial society. A new light cast over an ancient regime conflict that reveals in all its magnitude the traps that men of power tend to fall into and the limited awareness they have of the social consequences of their decisions.

EL USO POLITICO DEL TERRITORIO. CONSIDERACIONES A PARTIR DE UNA VISION DEL TERCER MUNDO

Análisis evaluativo de diversos enfoques geográficos sobre el espacio, su revelación con el Estado, entendido en su binomio poder y dominación. Se revisa la concepción de un poder unidimensional y la producción de espacio; así como las versiones del poder multidimensional, consumo del espacio y territorialidad. La concepción del espacio como producto-reflejo de la sociedad, se critica a la luz de concepción materialista del espacio. A nivel histórico, se estudian las estrategias y conflictos resultantes de la conformación de nuevos territorios y las limitaciones de acción del Estado frente a las decisiones locacionales de las grandes corporaciones multinacionales. Se fortalecen segmentos del Estado nacional, pero, a la vez, este pierde poder de decisiones ante las fuerzas internacionales y, principalmente frente a los problemas y tenciones internas. La autora sugiere diversos temas de investigación necesarios de cubrir urgentemente, tales como la relación territorio y espacio; naturaleza de los movimientos sociales de la base territorial; naturaleza del Estado contemporáneo y las relaciones ante los planes económicos y políticos y, finalmente, los limites de intervención del Estado y los problemas de legitimidad del poder. SUMMARY This is evaluative analysis of different geographic focuses concerning space-state relationships, taking into account a power and domination binomial. The concept of a unidimensional power and space production is revised; as well as versions of multidimensional power, space consumption, and territorial relationships. The space concept is taken into account as a product-reflection of society and criticized from the viewpoint of a materialistic viewpoint, strategies and conflicts are studied as the results of the confirmation of the new territories the large multinational corporations. Segments of the national state are stringency but, at the same time, the state loses its decision making powers in reference to international forces and principally in reference to problems and internal tensions. The author suggests several necessary and urgent investigative themes, such as territorial and space relationships, the nature of the social movements encountered in the territorial base, the nature of the contemporary state and of the its relationships in accordance with economic and political plants and finally, the intervention limits of the state and the problems of power legitimacy RESUME A partir d’une vision géographique, on présente et analyse les thèmes suivants: l’espace, la relation celui-ci avec l’Etat, entendu comme un bionome pouvoir et domination. On revise les concepts de pouvoir unidimensionnel et de production d’espace; de pouvoir multidimensionnel, consommation et territoriale. Le concept d’espace comme produit-réflexe de la société, est critiqué en se basant sur la conception matérialiste de l’espace. Au niveau historique, on étudie les stratégies et les conflicts qui résultent de la conformation de nouveaux territoires. On étudie aussi les limitations de l’action de l’Etat en face des décisions d’ubiquation des grandes corporations multinationales. En même temps que se fortifié certaines parties de l’Etat national, il y a une diminution de son pouvoir de décision devant des forces internationales et surtout en face de problèmes et de tensions internes.L’auteur suggère plusieurs thèmes d’investigation urgents, comme : la relation entre territoire et espace; nature des mouvements sociaux à base territoriale; nature de l’Etat contemporain et ses relations avec les plan économiques et politiques et enfin : les limites de l’intervention de l’Etat et les problèmes de légitimité du pouvoir.