La enseñanza tradicional de las ciencias versus las nuevas tendencias educativas

To think of an educational proposal that teaches how to learn, it is necessary to consider a change not only educationally but also political, social, economical, ecological, cultural, among others, to enable an understanding of reality and in which there can be a construction of knowledge and a crucial role of sciences. But we must not forget that the development of science has been marked by the so-called positivistic science that it is characterized by interpreting phenomena and how this function through theories and laws, where the context and humans have a very poor leading role, if any, to which one can call scientism, which has allowed development even above human needs. However, since the 90s, there is a resurgence of progressive humanism in the educational fields, where there is a search of a revaluation of what it is considered human, which involves a series of epistemological and methodological changes that drives us towards new ways of working. This calls us to reflect on extreme choices to build knowledge, beyond the traditional teaching of the sciences, which are comprehensive, systematic, and flexible and rooted in a humanistic culture. Some models of the new trends are: directed research, discovery learning, inquiry learning and teaching of science and new technologies.

DEMOGRAFÍA AMBIENTAL: ¿CÓMO EXPLICAR EL CRECIMIENTO POBLACIONAL A PARTIR DEL ENFOQUE DE LAS FUERZAS MEDIADORAS?

El interés por comprender e interpretar los vínculos entre población y ambiente se constituyó internacionalmente en materia pública a partir de los años sesenta, cuando la posición ambientalista reconoce la necesidad de analizar la presión ejercida por las poblaciones humanas sobre el medio natural. Este campo de estudio se vuelve considerablemente  más complejo en la década de 1990, sobresaliendo las discusiones que en torno a dicha problemática plantearon las conferencias internacionales de población y ambiente. El presente estudio analiza el enfoque de las fuerzas mediadoras como perspectiva a partir de la cual se ha abordado la relación entre la dinámica demográfica y ambiental para explicar que el crecimiento poblacional per se no es la causa primera, ni el impacto más importante de la degradación ambiental. ABSTRACT Interest in understanding and interpreting the relationship between population and environment became an international public concern at the beginning of the 1960’s when  environmentalists recognized the need to analyze the pressure human population puts on  the environment. This field turned into a more complex study area in the ‘90’s decade, mostly because of the increase in discussions around the environmental and population problematic. The aim of this research is to analyze the meditational forces as trigger perspectives, from which the demography dynamics and environmentalist relationship have been understood. This perspective suggests that population growth per se is neither the primary cause nor the most important aspect of environmental degradation.