Large-scale testing of steel frame structures comprising non-compact sections

Application of 'advanced analysis' methods suitable for non-linear analysis and design of steel frame structures permits direct and accurate determination of ultimate system strengths, without resort to simplified elastic methods of analysis and semi-empirical specification equations. However, the application of advanced analysis methods has previously been restricted to steel frames comprising only compact sections that are not influenced by the effects of local buckling. A research project has been conducted with the aim of developing concentrated plasticity methods suitable for practical advanced analysis of steel frame structures comprising non-compact sections. A series of large-scale tests were performed in order to provide experimental results for verification of the new analytical models. Each of the test frames comprised non-compact sections, and exhibited significant local buckling behaviour prior to failure. This paper presents details of the test program including the test specimens, set-up and instrumentation, procedure, and results.

A vibrational spectroscopic study of the arsenate mineral bayldonite (Cu,Zn)3Pb(AsO3OH)2(OH)2 : a comparison with other basic arsenates

We have studied the vibrational spectra of the mineral bayldonite, a hydroxy arsenate of copper and lead of formula Cu3Pb(AsO3OH)2(OH)2 from the type locality, the Penberthy Croft Mine, St Hilary, Mount's Bay District, Cornwall, England.and relate the spectra to the mineral structure. Raman bands at 896 and 838 cm-1are assigned to the (AsO4)3- ν1 symmetric stretching mode and the second to the (AsO4)3- ν3 antisymmetric stretching mode. It is noted that the position of the symmetric stretching mode is at a higher position than the antisymmetric stretching mode. It is proposed that the Raman bands at 889 and 845 cm-1 are symmetric and antisymmetric stretching modes of the (HOAsO3)2- units. Raman bands of bayldonite at 490 and 500 cm-1 are assigned to the (AsO4)3- ν4 bending modes. Raman bands for bayldonite are noted at 396, 408 and 429 cm-1 and are assigned to the (AsO4)3- ν2 bending modes. A comparison is made with spectra of the other basic copper arsenate minerals, namely cornubite, olivenite, cornwallite.

Quantitative proteomic approach to study subcellular localization of membrane proteins

As proteins within cells are spatially organized according to their role, knowledge about protein localization gives insight into protein function. Here, we describe the LOPIT technique (localization of organelle proteins by isotope tagging) developed for the simultaneous and confident determination of the steady-state distribution of hundreds of integral membrane proteins within organelles. The technique uses a partial membrane fractionation strategy in conjunction with quantitative proteomics. Localization of proteins is achieved by measuring their distribution pattern across the density gradient using amine-reactive isotope tagging and comparing these patterns with those of known organelle residents. LOPIT relies on the assumption that proteins belonging to the same organelle will co-fractionate. Multivariate statistical tools are then used to group proteins according to the similarities in their distributions, and hence localization without complete centrifugal separation is achieved. The protocol requires approximately 3 weeks to complete and can be applied in a high-throughput manner to material from many varied sources.

Tethering for Selective Synthesis of 2,2′-Biphenols : the Acetal Method

2,2'-Biphenols are a large and diverse group of compounds with exceptional properties both as ligands and bioactive agents. Traditional methods for their synthesis by oxidative dimerisation are often problematic and lead to mixtures of ortho- and para-connected regioisomers. To compound these issues, an intermolecular dimerisation strategy is often inappropriate for the synthesis of heterodimers. The ‘acetal method’ provides a solution for these problems: stepwise tethering of two monomeric phenols enables heterodimer synthesis, enforces ortho regioselectivity and allows relatively facile and selective intramolecular reactions to take place. The resulting dibenzo[1,3]dioxepines have been analysed by quantum chemical calculations to obtain information about the activation barrier for ring flip between the enantiomers. Hydrolytic removal of the dioxepine acetal unit revealed the 2,2′-biphenol target.

Mortality following hip arthroplasty—inappropriate use of National Joint Registry (NJR) data

Mortality following hip arthroplasty is affected by a large number of confounding variables each of which must be considered to enable valid interpretation. Relevant variables available from the 2011 NJR data set were included in the Cox model. Mortality rates in hip arthroplasty patients were lower than in the age-matched population across all hip types. Age at surgery, ASA grade, diagnosis, gender, provider type, hip type and lead surgeon grade all had a significant effect on mortality. Schemper's statistic showed that only 18.98% of the variation in mortality was explained by the variables available in the NJR data set. It is inappropriate to use NJR data to study an outcome affected by a multitude of confounding variables when these cannot be adequately accounted for in the available data set.

Networking iPads into Preschool Spaces

This chapter explores preschools as networked spaces into which iPads were introduced, which involved the mediation of complex relationships between children and adults, physical and virtual technology and other materials like toys, play spaces, art materials and books. The chapter aims to explain how these human and non-human ‘actors’ come to coexist and lead to the development of literacy and creativity in specific ways. This approach particularly draws attention to specific challenges faced by the teachers as they negotiated a range of complex demands and obstacles to make the iPads available to the children for play and learning.

'Means to ends': Integration for stakeholder engagement.

In project management today, sustainability considerations are becoming increasingly necessary as an inclusion into project discovery, design and delivery phase methodologies. However, sustainability cannot always be tacked on to traditional project management approaches and still achieve the best project outcomes. Throw in the particular considerations for a culturally specific project, as for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, and the traditional project management approach is at risk of not meeting the needs of stakeholders or their engagement. In this presentation, we will briefly demonstrate how from beginning with sustainability considerations and integrating both project management principles and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander va lu es that QUT's Oodgeroo Unit is actioning a 'means to ends' integration approach for stakeholder engagement in two national Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander projects. The iterative discovery and design of the federally Higher Education Participation and Partnerships Program (HEPPP) funded Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Higher Education Social Marketing Strategy (Strategy) and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Higher Education Portal (Portal) projects is being informed through a 'means' to 'ends' user- and design -led project management approach for inclusivity, visioning, and participation informing these projects for susta inable national deliverables. This approach draws upon the integration of Sustain ability Development Pillars and Project Management Pillars with the contextual lens of our proposed Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Pillars as the underpinning methodology of the Strategy and Portal Project's Communication and Collaboration Plan and approach with stakeholders. These th ree Pillars are integrated further through participatory consideration and inclu sion of comparative models: Daly's Sustainability Triangle, Walker's Object Design, Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs, Olsen's Four Layers of Communication,Project Management In stitute's (PMI's) Integrated Framework for Organisational Project Management, with the Aborig inal and Torres Strait Islander six core research ethics values. This presentation invites participants to join us in envisioning the 'ultimate means' of Environment, Del ivery and Sovereignty, through Economy, Design and Self-determination to the 'ultimate ends' of Social, Discove ry and Cultural Safety principles through stakeholder engagement.

Selective electrochemical epinephrine sensor using self-assembled monomolecular film of 1,8,15,22-tetraaminophthalocyanatonickel(II) on gold electrode

This article describes the highly sensitive and selective determination of epinephrine (EP) using self-assembled monomolecular film (SAMF) of 1,8,15,22-tetraamino-phthalocyanatonickel(II) (4α-NiIITAPc) on Au electrode. The 4α-NiIITAPc SAMF modified electrode was prepared by spontaneous adsorption of 4α-NiIITAPc from dimethylformamide solution. The modified electrode oxidizes EP at less over potential with enhanced current response in contrast to the bare Au electrode. The standard heterogeneous rate constant (k°) for the oxidation of EP at 4α-NiIITAPc SAMF modified electrode was found to be 1.94×10−2 cm s−1 which was much higher than that at the bare Au electrode. Further, it was found that 4α-NiIITAPc SAMF modified electrode separates the voltammetric signals of ascorbic acid (AA) and EP with a peak separation of 250 mV. Using amperometric method the lowest detection limit of 50 nM of EP was achieved at SAMF modified electrode. Simultaneous amperometric determination of AA and EP was also achieved at the SAMF modified electrode. Common physiological interferents such as uric acid, glucose, urea and NaCl do not interfere within the potential window of EP oxidation. The present 4α-NiIITAPc SAMF modified electrode was also successfully applied to determine the concentration of EP in commercially available injection.

Estimating the burden of disease attributable to four selected environmental risk factors in South Africa

INTRODUCTION: The first South African National Burden of Disease study quantified the underlying causes of premature mortality and morbidity experienced in South Africa in the year 2000. This was followed by a Comparative Risk Assessment to estimate the contributions of 17 selected risk factors to burden of disease in South Africa. This paper describes the health impact of exposure to four selected environmental risk factors: unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene; indoor air pollution from household use of solid fuels; urban outdoor air pollution and lead exposure. METHODS: The study followed World Health Organization comparative risk assessment methodology. Population-attributable fractions were calculated and applied to revised burden of disease estimates (deaths and disability adjusted life years, [DALYs]) from the South African Burden of Disease study to obtain the attributable burden for each selected risk factor. The burden attributable to the joint effect of the four environmental risk factors was also estimated taking into account competing risks and common pathways. Monte Carlo simulation-modeling techniques were used to quantify sampling, uncertainty. RESULTS: Almost 24 000 deaths were attributable to the joint effect of these four environmental risk factors, accounting for 4.6% (95% uncertainty interval 3.8-5.3%) of all deaths in South Africa in 2000. Overall the burden due to these environmental risks was equivalent to 3.7% (95% uncertainty interval 3.4-4.0%) of the total disease burden for South Africa, with unsafe water sanitation and hygiene the main contributor to joint burden. The joint attributable burden was especially high in children under 5 years of age, accounting for 10.8% of total deaths in this age group and 9.7% of burden of disease. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the public health impact of exposure to environmental risks and the significant burden of preventable disease attributable to exposure to these four major environmental risk factors in South Africa. Evidence-based policies and programs must be developed and implemented to address these risk factors at individual, household, and community levels.

Locating Indigenous Australia within community development practice : clients, consumers or change makers?

The philosophical promise of community development to “resource and empower people so that they can collectively control their own destinies” (Kenny 1996:104) is no doubt alluring to Indigenous Australia. Given the historical and contemporary experiences of colonial control and surveillance of Aboriginal bodies, alongside the continuing experiences of socio-economic disadvantage, community development reaffirms the aspirational goal of Indigenous Australians for self-determination. Self-determination as a national policy agenda for Indigenous Australians emerged in the 1970s and saw the establishment of a wide range of Aboriginal community-controlled services (Tsey et al 2012). Sullivan (2010:4) argues that the Aboriginal community controlled service sector during this time has, and continues to be, instrumental to advancing the plight of Indigenous Australians both materially and politically. Yet community development and self-determination remain highly problematic and contested in how they manifest in Indigenous social policy agendas and in practice (Hollinsworth 1996; Martin 2003; McCausland 2005; Moreton-Robinson 2009). Moreton-Robinson (2009:68) argues that a central theme underpinning these tensions is a reading of Indigeneity in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, behaviours, cultures, and communities are pathologised as “dysfunctional” thus enabling assertions that Indigenous people are incapable of managing their own affairs. This discourse distracts us from the “strategies and tactics of patriarchal white sovereignty” that inhibit the “state’s earlier policy of self-determination” (Moreton-Robinson 2009:68). We acknowledge the irony of community development espoused by Ramirez above (1990), that the least resourced are expected to be most resourceful.; however, we wish to interrogate the processes that inhibit Indigenous participation and control of our own affairs rather than further interrogate Aboriginal minds as uneducated, incapable and/or impaired...

Effect of functionalized kaolinite on the curing kinetics of cycloaliphatic epoxy/anhydride system

Silane grafted kaolinite (KGS) was prepared through grinding kaolinite and then grafting with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The influence of KGS on the curing kinetics of cycloaliphatic epoxy resin was studied by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry at different heating rates. The reaction activation energy (Ea) was determined based on the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method. The results of dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) kinetic analysis show that the surface hydroxyl groups of clay decreases the Ea from 70.6 kJ mol− 1 to 62.8 kJ mol− 1 and accelerates the curing reaction of the epoxy resin. The silane grafting reactions consume the surface hydroxyl groups of kaolinite and lead to a decrease in the catalytic efficiency of KGS in the curing of epoxy resin.

Evaluation of social externalities of rapid economic development associated with major resource projects in regional communities

This thesis developed a thematic structure for evaluating social externalities of major resource projects using a mixed methods approach and structural equation modelling. The implications offer important insights into the extent quality of life is being influenced by coal seam gas projects in regional communities in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Findings show that unresolved concerns of community residents about environmental and social impacts contribute to lower life-satisfaction, inhibit the community to plan for the future, and lead to a weaker local economy.

Refined Plastic Hinge Analysis of Steel Frame Structures Comprising Non-Compact Sections: I: Formulation

Application of "advanced analysis" methods suitable for non-linear analysis and design of steel frame structures permits direct and accurate determination of ultimate system strengths, without resort to simplified elastic methods of analysis and semi-empirical specification equations. However, the application of advanced analysis methods has previously been restricted to steel frames comprising only compact sections that are not influenced by the effects of local buckling. A concentrated plasticity formulation suitable for practical advanced analysis of steel frame structures comprising non-compact sections is presented in this paper. This formulation, referred to as the refined plastic hinge method, implicitly accounts for the effects of gradual cross-sectional yielding, longitudinal spread of plasticity, initial geometric imperfections, residual stresses, and local buckling.

The genetics of osteoporosis: Future diagnostic possibilities

The risk of developing osteoporosis is determined by the interaction of several mostly unknown genes and environmental factors. Genetic studies in osteoporosis have largely focussed on association studies of a small number of candidate genes, with few linkage studies performed, and large areas of the genome remaining unexplored. Identifying the genes involved in osteoporosis would be a major advance in our understanding of the causation of the disease, and lead to advances in diagnosis, risk prediction, and potentially preventive and therapeutic measures.

The evolution of entrepreneurial learning

- Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an evolutionary perspective on entrepreneurial learning, whilst also accounting for fundamental ecological processes, by focusing on the development of key recurring, knowledge components within nascent and growing small businesses. - Design/methodology/approach The paper relates key developments within the organizational evolution literature to research on entrepreneurial learning, with arguments presented in favor of adopting a multi‐level co‐evolutionary perspective that captures and explains hidden ecological process, such as niche‐construction. - Findings It is argued in the paper that such a multi‐level focus on key recurring knowledge components can shed new light on the process of entrepreneurial learning and lead to the cross‐fertilization of ideas across different domains of study, by offering researchers the opportunity to use the framework of variation‐selection‐retention to develop a multi‐level representation of organizational and entrepreneurial learning. - Originality/value Entrepreneurial learning viewed in this way, as a multi‐level struggle for survival amongst competing knowledge components, can provide entrepreneurs with a set of evolutionary heuristics as they re‐interpret their understanding of the evolution of their business.