Etapas del cambio en personas inactivas tras un programa de promoción de la actividad física en Atención Primaria

Objetivo El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las Etapas del cambio en relación con la actividad física y el estado de salud general entre personas que participaron en un Programa de promoción de la actividad física (PPAF) de 12 semanas frente a un grupo control. Diseño Ensayo clínico aleatorizado. Participantes Noventa y ocho personas inactivas de ambos sexos con una edad media de 62,82 años procedentes de 2 centros de Atención Primaria del Distrito Sanitario Costa del Sol. Intervención Un PPAF organizado en grupos y siguiendo los criterios del Colegio Americano de Medicina del Deporte, 2 sesiones semanales de 60 min durante 12 semanas. Mediciones principales La variable principal de resultado fue resistencia al cambio en relación con la actividad física. La variable secundaria fue el estado de salud general (componentes físicos y mentales), determinado con el cuestionario de salud general SF12. Resultados Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las etapas del cambio a favor del grupo experimental (p < 0,05). No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre grupos después de la intervención en el estado general de salud. Conclusión Las etapas del cambio se modificaron en las personas inactivas que realizaron el PPAF en Atención Primaria. Futuros estudios son necesarios para identificar qué factores del entorno de los participantes influyen en la resistencia al cambio de la actividad física. Abstract Objective This study has aimed to evaluate the stages of change in relation to physical activity and overall health status among persons who participated in a 12-week Physical activity promotion program (PAPP) compared to a control group. Design Randomized clinical trial. Participants The study included 98 inactive persons of both sexes with a mean age of 62.82 years from 2 of Primary Care Centers of the Malaga Health Care District. Interventions A PAPP organized in groups according to the American College of Sports Medicine criteria including two weekly sessions of 60 minutes each for 3 months. Main measures The primary outcome was to assess resistance to change in relation to physical activity. The secondary variable was overall health (physical and mental components) determined with the SF12 general health questionnaire. Results Significant differences were found in the stages of change (P<.05). There were no significant differences found in general health status improvement in regards to the initial assessment. Conclusion The stages of change were modified in the inactive persons who carried out the PAPP in Primary Care. Future studies are needed to identify which environmental factors influence the resistance to change in physical activity of the participants.

Cambios hematológicos tras un programa de promoción de actividad física en sujetos inactivos. Ensayo aleatorizado controlado

Objetivo Comparar los cambios antropométricos y bioquímicos en personas inactivas, que realizan un programa de actividad física frente a los que no lo realizan desde los Centros de Atención Primaria. Métodos Cien personas inactivas de ambos sexos, mayores de 55 años fueron aleatorizadas a un grupo experimental (n = 50) y a un grupo control (n = 50). Se realizó un programa de promoción de actividad física siguiendo los criterios del Colegio Americano de Medicina del Deporte, de 60 min cada sesión, 2 sesiones por semana, durante 3 meses. Las medidas antropométricas incluyeron el índice de masa corporal y el porcentaje graso, y como variables bioquímicas el perfil lipídico, hematíes y la creatina kinasa. Resultados Completaron el estudio 75 personas. Esta investigación no presentó cambios significativos a nivel antropométrico, ni en las variables bioquímicas del perfil lipídico. Sí se observaron efectos clínicamente relevantes en la concentración de los hematíes de las mujeres que realizaron dicho programa. Conclusiones El efecto clínico global fue pequeño en las personas que realizaron el programa, pero relevante para la salud de la población. Esta intervención produce efectos a corto plazo en la bioquímica de las personas inactivas. Abstract in English Objective Compare anthropometry and biochemical changes in inactive people who participate in a physical activity program versus those who do not from the Primary Health Care Centers. Methods One hundred inactive subjects of both genders, 55 years and older, from Torremolinos, Spain were randomized into an experimental group (n = 50) and a control group (n = 50). A program promoting physical activity was carried out following the American Medical Society for Sport's Medicine criteria. The program included sessions a week for 3 months. Antropometric measurements included body mass index and fat percentage, and such as biochemical measures: the lipid profile, erythrocytes, and creatine kinase. Results Seventy-five persons completed the study. This research did not show significant changes to anthropometric or biochemical outcomes of the lipid profile. However, there were clinically relevant effects regarding red blood cells concentration in the women who participated in this program. Conclusions Overall clinical effect was small in those participating in the program, but relevant for the health of the population. This program has short-term effects on biochemistry results of inactive subjects.

Tornado damage and impacts on nuclear facilities in the United States

This report provides an overview of the tornado impact on the safe operation and shutdown of nuclear power plants in the United States. The motivation for this review stems from the damage and failure of the Fukushima nuclear power plant on March 11, 2011. That disaster warrants comparison of the safety measures in place within the global nuclear power industry.

Nuclear power and Japan's collective future: Understanding beliefs about how nuclear policies will affect society

Despite ongoing controversies regarding possible directions for the nuclear plants program throughout Japan since the Fukushima disaster, little has been researched about people's belief structure about future society and what may affect their attitudes toward different policy options. Beyond policy debates, the present study focused on how people see a future society according to the assumptions of different policy options. A total of 125 students at Japanese universities were asked to compare a future society with society today in which one of alternative policies was adopted (i.e., shutdown or expansion of nuclear reactors) in terms of characteristics of individuals and society in general. While perceived dangerousness of nuclear power predicted attitudes and behavioural intentions to make personal sacrifices for nuclear power policies, beliefs about the social consequences of the policies, especially on economic development and dysfunction, appeared to play stronger roles in predicting those measures. The importance of sociological dimensions in understanding how people perceive the future of society regarding alternative nuclear power policies, and the subtle discrepancies between attitudes and behavioural intentions, are discussed.

Abnormal levels of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNPA2B1) in tumour tissue and blood samples from patients diagnosed with lung cancer

Lung cancer is the second most common type of cancer in the world and is the most common cause of cancer-related death in both men and women. Research into causes, prevention and treatment of lung cancer is ongoing and much progress has been made recently in these areas, however survival rates have not significantly improved. Therefore, it is essential to develop biomarkers for early diagnosis of lung cancer, prediction of metastasis and evaluation of treatment efficiency, as well as using these molecules to provide some understanding about tumour biology and translate highly promising findings in basic science research to clinical application. In this investigation, two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were initially used to analyse conditioned media from a panel of lung cancer and normal bronchial epithelial cell lines. Significant proteins were identified with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNPA2B1), pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2), Hsc-70 interacting protein and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) selected for analysis in serum from healthy individuals and lung cancer patients. hnRNPA2B1, PKM2 and LDHA were found to be statistically significant in all comparisons. Tissue analysis and knockdown of hnRNPA2B1 using siRNA subsequently demonstrated both the overexpression and potential role for this molecule in lung tumorigenesis. The data presented highlights a number of in vitro derived candidate biomarkers subsequently verified in patient samples and also provides some insight into their roles in the complex intracellular mechanisms associated with tumour progression.