Talkin' up our doctoral research

For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, undertaking the PhD journey brings with it specific challenges in how best to use the knowledge gained to make changes that will actively benefit Indigenous peoples and communities. Even within the health sector implementing research outcomes can sometimes be problematic. The Maori and Indigenous D octoral (MAI) Conference hosted by Te Whare Wananga o Awanuiarangi (Indigenous U niversity), Whakatane, New Zealand, addressed this by considering the contribution of Indigenous doctoral research to advancements of Maori. As Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people engaging in Doctoral studies, this conference was equally relevant to us.

Examination of EXOSC4 as a new prognostic marker and a novel therapeutic avenue in lung adenocarcinoma

Although prevention and early detection of the disease greatly improved over the past few years, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths. In order to be able to treat a larger population, we are in urgent need for novel treatments. While it is known that DNA repair genes play a major role in the oncogenic transformation, they also represent a weakness of cancers that constitute a therapeutic opportunity. To identify novel DNA repair genes implicated in Lung cancers, we conducted an in silico investigation to identify genes co-regulated with two DNA repair factors, BRCA2 and hSSB1. This approach allowed for the identification of EXOSC4, a component of the RNA Exosome machinery, as a potential factor involved in the maintenance of genome stability and that is deregulated in lung cancer.

CDCA3 regulates the cell cycle and modulates cisplatin sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer

Cisplatin-based regimens are currently the most effective chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cisplatin forms DNA crosslinks to stall DNA replication and induce apoptosis. However, intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance is a major therapeutic problem. We have identified ‘cell division cycle associated protein 3’ (CDCA3) as a novel protein that may prove useful in delaying or preventing cisplatin resistance in NSCLC. CDCA3 functions as part of an ubiquitin ligase complex to degrade the endogenous cell cycle inhibitors. While a role for CDCA3 in disease is emerging with elevated expression noted in oral squamous cell carcinoma, little else is known about CDCA3 or whether this protein may prove useful clinically.

The overexpression of SASH1 stimulates cell death in lung cancer cells

SASH1 (SAM and SH3 domain-containing protein 1) is a recently identified gene with tumour suppressor properties with a role in the induction of apoptosis. Previous work has shown that 90% of lung cell lines have a decrease in SASH1 mRNA levels, however little characterisation of SASH1 function in lung cancer has been undertaken.