Introduction [to] Gypsy economy

‘Gypsy economy’ is a conceptual fiction as well as a matter of lived experience. First, it heuristically stabilises analytical focus on diverse economic practices of those traditionally labelled by states majorities as ‘Gypsies’ (Roma, Sinti, Travellers, peoples that identify as Gypsies, and so on). Second, it is a condensed image that makes visible recent changes in the relationship between the society, the state and the market. Ethnographic studies of Romani communities that have experienced marginalisation in relation to the dominant work ethics, informal employment and precarity for generations, but who nevertheless face their situation with self-determination and creativity that they find meaningful, therefore promises to add to the ways of thinking about human economy under the latest capitalism.

A survey of distributed data aggregation algorithms

Distributed data aggregation is an important task, allowing the de- centralized determination of meaningful global properties, that can then be used to direct the execution of other applications. The resulting val- ues result from the distributed computation of functions like count, sum and average. Some application examples can found to determine the network size, total storage capacity, average load, majorities and many others. In the last decade, many di erent approaches have been pro- posed, with di erent trade-o s in terms of accuracy, reliability, message and time complexity. Due to the considerable amount and variety of ag- gregation algorithms, it can be di cult and time consuming to determine which techniques will be more appropriate to use in speci c settings, jus- tifying the existence of a survey to aid in this task. This work reviews the state of the art on distributed data aggregation algorithms, providing three main contributions. First, it formally de nes the concept of aggrega- tion, characterizing the di erent types of aggregation functions. Second, it succinctly describes the main aggregation techniques, organizing them in a taxonomy. Finally, it provides some guidelines toward the selection and use of the most relevant techniques, summarizing their principal characteristics.