Systematics, functional morphology and distribution of a bivalve (Apachecorbula muriatica gen. et sp. nov.) from the rim of the ‘Valdivia Deep’ brine pool in the Red Sea

The deep brine pools of the Red Sea comprise extreme, inhospitable habitats yet house microbial communities that potentially may fuel adjacent fauna. We here describe a novel bivalve from a deep-sea (1525 m) brine pool in the Red Sea, where conditions of high salinity, lowered pH, partial anoxia and high temperatures are prevalent. Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) footage showed that the bivalves were present in a narrow (20 cm) band along the rim of the brine pool, suggesting that it is not only tolerant of such extreme conditions but is also limited to them. The bivalve is a member of the Corbulidae and named Apachecorbula muriatica gen. et sp. nov. The shell is atypical of the family in being modioliform and thin. The semi-infaunal habit is seen in ROV images and reflected in the anatomy by the lack of siphons. The ctenidia are large and typical of a suspension feeding bivalve, but the absence of guard cilia and the greatly reduced labial palps suggest that it is non-selective as a response to low food availability. It is proposed that the low body mass observed is a consequence of the extreme habitat and low food availability. It is postulated that the observed morphology of Apachecorbula is a result of paedomorphosis driven by the effects of the extreme environment on growth but is in part mitigated by the absence of high predation pressures.

Aminobenzocoumarinylmehtyl esters as photoactive precursors for the release of butyric acid

The evaluation of the photorelease of a carboxylic acid drug, using butyric acid as a representative model, was carried out by using 7-amino-4-chloromethyl-2-oxo-2Hnaphtho[1,2-b] pyran, an aminobenzocoumarin, and its mono- and di-methylated or ethylated derivatives. This study was intended to improve the release of butyric acid from benzocoumarins by the addition of an amino group to the heterocycle by applying the knowledge of second-generation coumarinylmethyl-based photoremovable protecting groups. Photolysis studies were performed on the resultant ester cages by irradiation in a photochemical reactor at 254, 300, 350 and 419 nm, using methanol/HEPES buffer 80:20 solutions as solvent. The data obtained showed that these new fluorescent aminobenzocoumarins are superior to all the previously tested benzocoumarins with the same or different ring fusions. As well as the photolysis, the photophysics of the compounds were characterised by both steady state and time-resolved methods.

Photoactivation of butyric acid from 6-aminobenzocoumarin cages

A new benzocoumarin bearing an amino group is proposed as a photocleavable protecting group for carboxylic acids. The novel heterocycle, 6-amino-4-chloromethyl-2-oxo-2H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran was used in the preparation of ester conjugates of butyric acid, and of the corresponding mono- and di-methylated or ethylated derivatives. The photolability of the ester conjugates was studied by irradiation at selected wavelengths in methanol/HEPES buffer (80:20) solutions, and the release of butyric acid was followed with HPLC/UV and 1H NMR monitoring. Release of the carboxylic acid was faster for the monoalkylated derivatives (approximately within 20 min), at the longer wavelengths of irradiation (350 and 419 nm). The photophysics of the heterocyclic conjugates was also evaluated by both steady state and time-resolved methods.

Criatividade: aplicações práticas em contextos internacionais

Prefácio: Para que exista ciência aplicada é necessária a existência do que aplicar em ciência. Este livro é um bom exemplo dessas duas coisas: a conceituação teórica sobre a criatividade e a aplicação de conceitos desenvolvidos no âmbito da criatividade aplicada. Na sociedade do século XXI, torna-se cada vez mais premente a necessi- dade de inovação e criatividade. Nas últimas décadas, tem havido mudanças dramáticas na civilização, nos campos científico, tecnológico e social. Em menos de um século, os avanços científicos e tecnológicos superaram os últimos 6.000 anos anteriores de nossa civilização. No entanto, como consequência desses avanços tecnológicos, especialmente no campo das comunicações, as sociedades humanas se transformaram radicalmente, com exceção de alguns redutos isolados das tribos amazônicas ou africanas, zelosas da preservação de suas heranças culturais. Globalização e sociedade de informação são atributos que melhor definem essa transformação humana. Na aldeia global, segundo o conceito proposto por McLuhan, a complexidade e a incerteza impregnam toda a vida social. Assistimos às mudanças vertiginosas que imediatamente se globalizam. Não será necessário lembrar, pois os seus efeitos se prolongaram nos países do sul da Europa, de como a crise financeira e econômica desencadeada pela queda de Lehman Brothers no EUA se transformou em um fenômeno global. Em um nível mais cotidiano observamos, por exemplo, como o último modelo do smartphone comercializado por alguma companhia, em poucas semanas, pode ser encontrado nas mãos de cidadãos nas ruas de Londres, Sidney, Lima, São Paulo ou Nova York. Os movimentos migratórios facilitados pelos avanços e acessibilidade dos meios de transportes maciços permitem que em uma grande cidade de qualquer parte do mundo conviva uma multiplicidade de etnias e culturas jamais contemplada em nenhum outro momento da história. Aqueles do sul no norte, aqueles do oriente no ocidente, e vice-versa; assistimos a um êxito desproporcional e silencioso de pessoas, algumas vezes movendo-se por mais de 10.000 km de seus países de origem em busca de uma vida melhor ou, simplesmente, para enriquecer suas experiências.

O hospital da misericórdia de Penafiel (1600-1850)

Tese de Doutoramento em História - Especialidade de Idade Moderna