14 resultados para Compressed pulses
em Universidade do Minho
Resumo:
Earth has been a traditional building material to construct houses in Africa. One of the most common techniques is the use of sun dried or kiln fired adobe bricks with mud mortar. Fired bricks are the main cause for deforestation in countries like Malawi. Although this technique is low-cost, the bricks vary largely in shape, strength and durability. This leads to weak houses which suffer considerable damage during floods and seismic events. One solution is the use of dry-stack masonry with stabilized interlocking compressed earth blocks (ICEB). This technology has the potential of substituting the current bricks by a more sustainable kind of block. This study was made in the context of the HiLoTec project, which focuses on houses in rural areas of developing countries. For this study, Malawi was chosen for a case study. This paper presents the experimental results of tests made with dry-stack ICEBs. Soil samples from Malawi were taken and studied. Since the experimental campaign could not be carried out in Malawi, a homogenization process of Portuguese soil was made to produce ICEBs at the University of Minho, Portugal. Then, the compression and tensile strength of the materials was determined via small cylinder samples. Subsequently, the compression and flexural strength of units were determined. Finally, tests to determine the compressive strength of both prisms and masonry wallets and to determine the initial shear strength of the dry interfaces were carried out. This work provides valuable data for low-cost eco-efficient housing
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The future of the construction industry will require changes at many levels. One is the ability of companies to adapt to new challenges, converting needs to opportunities and simultaneously contributing to the solving of social and environmental problems. In the coming decades we will see a change in attitude in the industry, with a strong tendency to adopt natural and recycled materials, as well as bet on green technology and social innovation oriented to emerging countries. On the other hand, emerging countries have a high demand for housing construction on a large scale, but the current techniques in the developed countries for building requires a large amount of natural resources and skilled labor. This contextualization brings sustainability problems for the construction sector in emerging countries, often with scarce natural resources and with the construction sector underdeveloped. Through a cooperative action between the construction company Mota-Engil Engineering and the University of Minho in Portugal, a construction technology was developed based on the use of Compressed Earth Blocks as part of a social concept for innovative small houses, favoring the adoption of local and natural materials and with the main premise of being dedicated to self-construction. The HiLoTec project - Development of a Sustainable Self-Construction System for Developing Countries was based on this idea. One of the several results of this project is this construction manual. To Mota-Engil the project was a platform for incubation of knowledge about earth construction and to obtain a constructive solution validated technically and scientifically, suitable to be implemented in the markets where it operates. For the University of Minho the project was an opportunity to strengthen skills in research, laboratory and scientific development, through the development of engineering studies, architecture and sustainability, as well as supporting the doctoral scholarships and dissemination of scientific publications. May the knowledge of this project be of benefit, in the future, for the welfare of those who build a HiLoTec house.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Psicologia - Especialidade em Psicologia Experimental e Ciências Cognitivas
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Os saberes escolares na educação da infância pautam-se em duas perspectivas conflitantes: as pedagogias centradas no esforço e os estímulos controladores; e as pedagogias centradas no prazer de aprender, pautadas nas pulsões libertadoras. De um lado estão as exigências da ordem produtividade escolar – de grande racionalidade/mundo pensado – que concebem o brincar como perda de tempo, inútil e improdutivo; e por outro, esta a dimensão lúdica da corporeidade da criança habituada pela fantasia, imaginação, contemplação, encantamento, autonomia, alegria e fruição que humanizam – o mundo vivido/fenomenológico. Numa perspectiva dialética temos dois universos: o mundo pensado, racionalizado dos adultos; e o mundo vivido como expressão autentica de ser criança. Diante disso enuncia-se o problema da investigação: quais as representações que as crianças têm do brincar? Tencionamos conhecer as representações construindo uma taxionomia de respostas que situem o objeto de estudo através de informações polifônicas vindas do terreno, construindo com uma reflexão crítica (e original) e transformando a dicotomia numa dialética, demonstrando diferentes entendimentos do movimento humano, nomeadamente os sentidos ontológico e estético. Acreditamos que as manifestações que aparecem no brincar e se movimentar em liberdade das e entre crianças são predominantemente ontológicas e fenomenológicas, enquanto que nos adultos situam-se no campo da racionalidade, demarcando diferenças profundas entre representações de crianças e professores. A abordagem é qualitativa de intenção etnográfica. Os instrumentos de recolha de dados são entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação livre, diários de campo e filmagem que serão submetidas à validação respeitando-se as questões éticas. As crianças (de 4 a 6 anos) são de uma escola de Educação Infantil de Braga-Portugal. Extraídas as categorias através da análise de conteúdo, procederemos a interpretação. Estimamos contribuir com uma sistematização polifônica dos dados compreendendo o fenômeno através de reflexão crítica e dialética.
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Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia de Materiais
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil
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Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Têxtil