A Educação para a sexualidade com alunos do 3.º CEB

A educação para a sexualidade nas escolas torna-se cada vez mais importante, pois os adolescentes constituem uma faixa etária muito vulnerável a comportamentos sexuais de risco, que podem vir a comprometer o seu projeto de vida futuro. O projeto de intervenção aqui apresentado tinha como principal objetivo contribuir para um aumento dos conhecimentos dos alunos, ao nível da educação para a sexualidade e, consequentemente, promover uma mudança de crenças, atitudes e comportamentos por parte dos mesmos, junto dos seus pares e familiares. Neste sentido, foi adotada a metodologia de investigação-ação (IA). Na fase de diagnóstico, o instrumento de recolha de dados predominantemente utilizado foi um questionário construído especificamente para o efeito, o qual foi aplicado a uma amostra de 114 alunos (38 raparigas; 76 rapazes) de 3.º CEB. O mesmo instrumento foi aplicado no final da intervenção - fase de avaliação. Nas respostas aos questionários iniciais, os alunos evidenciaram algum desconhecimento relativamente ao conceito de sexualidade, às causas e consequências da gravidez na adolescência e revelaram também a adoção de alguns comportamentos de risco. Para além do questionário, foi também aplicada aos alunos a técnica da caixa de perguntas. Perante as necessidades evidenciadas pelos alunos foi implementada uma formação, dedicando-se uma sessão de 45 minutos para cada tema: o que é a sexualidade; gravidez na adolescência; assédio sexual e violência na intimidade juvenil. Os resultados obtidos na fase de avaliação demonstraram que os alunos tinham adquirido um conceito de sexualidade mais correto, revelaram-se mais conscientes relativamente às causas e consequências da gravidez na adolescência, demonstraram estar mais informados sobre o assédio sexual, bem como sobre os cuidados a ter e revelaram algumas mudanças de crenças e opiniões relativamente a determinadas situações potencialmente abusivas nas relações de intimidade juvenil.

Review of robotic technology for keyhole transcranial stereotactic neurosurgery

The research of stereotactic apparatus to guide surgical devices began in 1908, yet a major part of today's stereotactic neurosurgeries still rely on stereotactic frames developed almost half a century ago. Robots excel at handling spatial information, and are, thus, obvious candidates in the guidance of instrumentation along precisely planned trajectories. In this review, we introduce the concept of stereotaxy and describe a standard stereotactic neurosurgery. Neurosurgeons' expectations and demands regarding the role of robots as assistive tools are also addressed. We list the most successful robotic systems developed specifically for or capable of executing stereotactic neurosurgery. A critical review is presented for each robotic system, emphasizing the differences between them and detailing positive features and drawbacks. An analysis of the listed robotic system features is also undertaken, in the context of robotic application in stereotactic neurosurgery. Finally, we discuss the current perspective, and future directions of a robotic technology in this field. All robotic systems follow a very similar and structured workflow despite the technical differences that set them apart. No system unequivocally stands out as an absolute best. The trend of technological progress is pointing toward the development of miniaturized cost-effective solutions with more intuitive interfaces.

Study of (W/Z)H production and Higgs boson couplings using H -> WW* decays with the ATLAS detector

A search for Higgs boson production in association with a W or Z boson, in the H→ W W ∗ decay channel, is performed with a data sample collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies s√=7 TeV and 8 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 4.5 fb−1 and 20.3 fb−1, respectively. The WH production mode is studied in two-lepton and three-lepton final states, while two- lepton and four-lepton final states are used to search for the ZH production mode. The observed significance, for the combined W H and ZH production, is 2.5 standard deviations while a significance of 0.9 standard deviations is expected in the Standard Model Higgs boson hypothesis. The ratio of the combined W H and ZH signal yield to the Standard Model expectation, μ V H , is found to be μ V H  = 3.0 − 1.1 + 1.3 (stat.) − 0.7 + 1.0 (sys.) for the Higgs boson mass of 125.36 GeV. The W H and ZH production modes are also combined with the gluon fusion and vector boson fusion production modes studied in the H → W W ∗ → ℓνℓν decay channel, resulting in an overall observed significance of 6.5 standard deviations and μ ggF + VBF + VH = 1. 16 − 0.15 + 0.16 (stat.) − 0.15 + 0.18 (sys.). The results are interpreted in terms of scaling factors of the Higgs boson couplings to vector bosons (κ V ) and fermions (κ F ); the combined results are: |κ V | = 1.06 − 0.10 + 0.10 , |κ F | = 0. 85 − 0.20 + 0.26 .

Comparative genomics reveals adaptations of a halotolerant thaumarchaeon in the interfaces of brine pools in the Red Sea

The bottom of the Red Sea harbors over 25 deep hypersaline anoxic basins that are geochemically distinct and characterized by vertical gradients of extreme physicochemical conditions. Because of strong changes in density, particulate and microbial debris get entrapped in the brine-seawater interface (BSI), resulting in increased dissolved organic carbon, reduced dissolved oxygen toward the brines and enhanced microbial activities in the BSI. These features coupled with the deep-sea prevalence of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in the global ocean make the BSI a suitable environment for studying the osmotic adaptations and ecology of these important players in the marine nitrogen cycle. Using phylogenomic-based approaches, we show that the local archaeal community of five different BSI habitats (with up to 18.2% salinity) is composed mostly of a single, highly abundant Nitrosopumilus-like phylotype that is phylogenetically distinct from the bathypelagic thaumarchaea; ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were absent. The composite genome of this novel Nitrosopumilus-like subpopulation (RSA3) co-assembled from multiple single-cell amplified genomes (SAGs) from one such BSI habitat further revealed that it shares [sim]54% of its predicted genomic inventory with sequenced Nitrosopumilus species. RSA3 also carries several, albeit variable gene sets that further illuminate the phylogenetic diversity and metabolic plasticity of this genus. Specifically, it encodes for a putative proline-glutamate 'switch' with a potential role in osmotolerance and indirect impact on carbon and energy flows. Metagenomic fragment recruitment analyses against the composite RSA3 genome, Nitrosopumilus maritimus, and SAGs of mesopelagic thaumarchaea also reiterate the divergence of the BSI genotypes from other AOA.

Combustion of alternative biomass fuels in a domestic boiler and in a large-scale furnace

Programa Doutoral em Engenharia Mecânica.