Kinematic joints constraints

"Series title: Springerbriefs in applied sciences and technology, ISSN 2191-530X"

Equations of motion for constrained systems

"Series title: Springerbriefs in applied sciences and technology, ISSN 2191-530X"

A critical evaluation of methods for the reconstruction of tissue-specific models

Under the framework of constraint based modeling, genome-scale metabolic models (GSMMs) have been used for several tasks, such as metabolic engineering and phenotype prediction. More recently, their application in health related research has spanned drug discovery, biomarker identification and host-pathogen interactions, targeting diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer, obesity or diabetes. In the last years, the development of novel techniques for genome sequencing and other high-throughput methods, together with advances in Bioinformatics, allowed the reconstruction of GSMMs for human cells. Considering the diversity of cell types and tissues present in the human body, it is imperative to develop tissue-specific metabolic models. Methods to automatically generate these models, based on generic human metabolic models and a plethora of omics data, have been proposed. However, their results have not yet been adequately and critically evaluated and compared. This work presents a survey of the most important tissue or cell type specific metabolic model reconstruction methods, which use literature, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics data, together with a global template model. As a case study, we analyzed the consistency between several omics data sources and reconstructed distinct metabolic models of hepatocytes using different methods and data sources as inputs. The results show that omics data sources have a poor overlapping and, in some cases, are even contradictory. Additionally, the hepatocyte metabolic models generated are in many cases not able to perform metabolic functions known to be present in the liver tissue. We conclude that reliable methods for a priori omics data integration are required to support the reconstruction of complex models of human cells.

Da previsibilidade da notícia às vantagens da agenda jornalística: uma reflexão a partir do Rádio Clube Português

Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências da Comunicação (área de especialização em Informação e Jornalismo)

Multibody systems formulation

"Series: Solid mechanics and its applications, vol. 226"

Georeferencing historical documents: the case of the Dume Boundary

Much of the information of historical documents about the territory and property are defined on textual form. This information is mostly geographic and defines territorial areas, its limits and boundaries. For the treatment of this data, we have defined one information system where the treatment of the documental references for the study of the settlement and landscape implies a systematization of the information, normalization, integration and graphic and cartographic representation. This methodology was applied to the case study of the boundary of the monastery-diocese of Dume, in Braga - Portugal, for which there are countless documents and references to this site, but where the urban pressure has mischaracterized very significantly the landscape, making the identification of territorial limits quite difficult. The work carried out to give spatial and cartographic expression to the data, by defining viewing criteria according to the recorded information, proved to be a central working tool in the boundary study and in understanding the dynamics of the sites in the various cultural periods.

Differences in muscular activity between obese and non-obese workers during manual lifting

The prevalence of obesity is increasing throughout the workforce. Manual lifting tasks are common and can produce significant muscle loading. This study compared muscular activity between obese and non-obese subjects, using surface Electromyography (EMG), during manual lifting. Six different lifting tasks (with 5, 10 and 15 kg loads in free and constrained styles) were performed by 14 participants with different obesity levels. EMG data normalization was based on the percentage of Maximum Contraction during each Task (MCT). Muscle Activation Times (AT) before each task were also evaluated. The study suggests that obesity can increase MCT and delay muscle AT. These findings reinforce the need to develop further studies focused on obesity as a risk factor for the development of musculoskeletal disorders.

Atividades de campo no ensino da Geologia: opiniões de professores portugueses sobre formas ideais de as usar

Devido à elevada dimensão espacial e temporal da maior parte dos fenómenos geológicos, não é possível reproduzir no laboratório os fenómenos a estudar, pelo que, se o professor de Geologia pretender colocar os alunos em contato com esses fenómenos, terá que organizar uma saída de campo para que as necessárias e adequadas atividades sejam realizadas no lugar onde esses fenómenos ocorrem. Contudo, e apesar de professores e alunos reconhecerem diversas potencialidades didáticas das saídas de campo, os professores raramente as organizam e justificam isso com base em diversos impedimentos. Neste artigo relatam-se os resultados de um estudo em que 233 professores portugueses de Biologia e Geologia foram inquiridos acerca de formas ideais de integrar as atividades de campo na componente de Geologia, no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico (n=102) e no Ensino Secundário (n=131). Os resultados sugerem que as práticas que os professores gostariam de implementar, caso não houvesse constrangimentos à realização de atividades de campo, não seriam, na maior parte dos casos, muito diferentes das práticas implementadas que são relatadas na literatura. Esta falta de exigência e de ousadia por parte dos professores, no que concerne ao modo como as atividades de campo deveriam ser utilizadas, sugere a necessidade de a formação inicial e contínua de professores contemplar uma abordagem adequada das saídas de campo e de as escolas se reorganizarem para facilitarem a organização, fundamentada, das mesmas.