Geologie und Hydrogeologie im Raum Bad Pyrmont unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Quellensystems

The hydrodynamics and hydrochemistry of salt and fresh water from solid rock aquifer systems in the Pyrmont area are described and interpreted on the basis of recent investigations including geoelectrics, isotope hydrology, soil air analysis. Theories on the source of the springs in this area are developed, which explain the different compositions of the springs and make it possible to protect them. Data from new and re-interpretated drill holes, borehole logs and outcrops suggest a revision of the geological structure of the Pyrmont dome. Bad Pyrmont is situated on a wide dome of Triassic rocks in the southern part of the Lower Saxony uplands. Inversion of the relief has caused the development of an erosional basin surrounded by prominent ridges. Deep faults developed at the crest of the dome as this part of the structure was subjected to the strongest tectonic stress. Subrosion of the Zechstein salts in the western part of the dome has caused the main salt bed to wedge out below the western part of the dome along a N-S striking structure; this structure is refered to as the „Salzhang“ (salt slope). West of the „Salzhang“, where subrosion has removed the salt bed that prevents gas rising from below, carbon dioxide of deep volcanic origin can now rise to the surface. Hydraulic cross sections illustrate the presence of extensive and deep-seated groundwater flow within the entire Pyrmont dome. While groundwater flow is directed vertically downwards in the ridges surrounding the dome, centripetal horizontal flow predominates the intermediate area. In the central part of the dome, groundwater rises to join the River Emmer, which is the main receiving water course in the central part of the eroded basin. The depth of the saltwater/freshwater interface is determinated by the weight of the superimposed freshwater body. Hydrochemical cross sections show the shape and position of the interface and document a certain degree of hydrochemical zonation of the gently mineralized fresh water. Genetic relationships between the two main water types and the hydrochemical zones of the freshwater body are discussed. The knowledge of the hydrogeological relationship in the Bad Pyrmont aquifer systems permits a spatially narrow coexistence of wells withdrawing groundwater for different purposes (medicinal, mineral, drinking and industrial water).

Paläowind-Indikatoren : Möglichkeiten, Grenzen und Probleme ihrer Anwendung am Beispiel des Weichsel-Hochglazials in Europa

In the first paragraphs of this paper a survey of the most ap- proved paleowind indicators is given. Methods, limitations and Problems of their Interpretation are discussed. The following indicators and their attributes are considered: loess, sandy loess (attributes: Sediment thickness, grain size, mineral compo- sition, sediment structure and morphology), paleosoils, vulcano- eolian Sediments, deep sea Sediments and paleo snowlines. In the second part of this paper the wind regimes predominating in Europe during the Weichselian glacial maximum are recon- structed based on information from more than 170 publications with interpretations of paleowind indicators. The results are presented in two survey maps. The most significant result is to indicate two competing wind regimes existing during the glacial maximum. In the immediate vicinity of the Fennoscandian glaciation and in eastern Europe paleowind indicators document easterly and north easterly anti- cyclonic winds; in central and Western Europe they show westerly winds originated in cyclones coming from the North Atlantic. Some modifications of the wind pattern are induced by local and regional morphological conditions (e.g. the Upper Rhine valley, the east rim of the Carpathian Mountains). In general and compared with previous investigations the study points to a more differentiated pattern of atmospheric circula- tion during the Weichselian Pleniglacial influenced by variing topographical, paleoecological and meteorological factors.