Aufbau und Nutzung des Fachinformationssystems Geologie im Niedersächsischen Bodeninformationssystem NIBIS

Digital data from various scientific fields is stored in separate information systems („FIS geology“, „FIS pedology“, etc.) in the Lower Saxony Geo-Information System NIBIS so that it can be processed and interpreted; this is necessary to meet increasing demand for soil-relevant information for decision-making and planning purposes. The necessary work will be considerably accelerated and its quality improved by setting up and actually using such a tool. A detailed account is given of the Lower Saxony Geo-Information System NIBIS, in particular how the data base is set up and how the NIBIS is used in cases where concrete problems occured.

Geologie und Hydrogeologie im Raum Bad Pyrmont unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Quellensystems

The hydrodynamics and hydrochemistry of salt and fresh water from solid rock aquifer systems in the Pyrmont area are described and interpreted on the basis of recent investigations including geoelectrics, isotope hydrology, soil air analysis. Theories on the source of the springs in this area are developed, which explain the different compositions of the springs and make it possible to protect them. Data from new and re-interpretated drill holes, borehole logs and outcrops suggest a revision of the geological structure of the Pyrmont dome. Bad Pyrmont is situated on a wide dome of Triassic rocks in the southern part of the Lower Saxony uplands. Inversion of the relief has caused the development of an erosional basin surrounded by prominent ridges. Deep faults developed at the crest of the dome as this part of the structure was subjected to the strongest tectonic stress. Subrosion of the Zechstein salts in the western part of the dome has caused the main salt bed to wedge out below the western part of the dome along a N-S striking structure; this structure is refered to as the „Salzhang“ (salt slope). West of the „Salzhang“, where subrosion has removed the salt bed that prevents gas rising from below, carbon dioxide of deep volcanic origin can now rise to the surface. Hydraulic cross sections illustrate the presence of extensive and deep-seated groundwater flow within the entire Pyrmont dome. While groundwater flow is directed vertically downwards in the ridges surrounding the dome, centripetal horizontal flow predominates the intermediate area. In the central part of the dome, groundwater rises to join the River Emmer, which is the main receiving water course in the central part of the eroded basin. The depth of the saltwater/freshwater interface is determinated by the weight of the superimposed freshwater body. Hydrochemical cross sections show the shape and position of the interface and document a certain degree of hydrochemical zonation of the gently mineralized fresh water. Genetic relationships between the two main water types and the hydrochemical zones of the freshwater body are discussed. The knowledge of the hydrogeological relationship in the Bad Pyrmont aquifer systems permits a spatially narrow coexistence of wells withdrawing groundwater for different purposes (medicinal, mineral, drinking and industrial water).

Die Geologie der Mittelrät-Schichten von Velpke (nördlich Helmstedt)

Das Arbeitsgebiet liegt ca. 20 km N Helmstedt im Bereich des Meßtischblattes Oebisfelde, das durch die Zonengrenze in einen Ost- und einen Westteil getrennt ist. Auf der westlichen Seite liegt die Ortschaft Velpke an der Einmündung der Bundesstraße 2kk in die Bundesstraße 188. Das Gelände ist infolge pleistozäner Eisvorstöße fast eben; seine Höhenlage schwankt zwischen 55 und 95 m üNN. Zwischen Velpke im S und Danndorf im NW liegen mehrere ältere Sandsteinbrüche. Nach der Geologischen Übersichtskarte 1:100 000 (Blatt Braunschweig) stehen in der Umgebung von Oebisfelde Schichten des Oberen Keupers an (JÜNGST 1929). Ziel der Arbeit war es, in einem kleineren Gebiet die Schichten des Mittelräts durch Profilaufnahmen sowie tektonische und petrographische Untersuchungen zu gliedern und zu parallelisieren. Dieses Thema stellte mir mein hochverehrter Lehrer Herr Prof. Dr. K. RICHTER, dem ich für seine wohlwollende Förderung und manche wertvolle Anregung sehr dankbar bin. Er unterstützte mich durch Diskussionen und Geländebegehungen und ermöglichte mir die Durchführung der notwendigen Laboruntersuchungen im Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie der Technischen Universität Hannover.