Semimicro determination of selenium and tellurium by chloramine-T oxidation

Finely divided selenium and tellurium undergo oxidation to selenic and orthotelluric acids by a concentrated solution of chloramine-T in acid medium. An analytical procedure (accurate to <1 %) has been developed based on this reaction.

Solubility of chloramine in organic liquids

Abstract is not available.

A titrimetric method for the determination of tetra-alkylthiuram disulphides by oxidation with chloramine-T

An analytical method for the determination of tetra-alkylthiuram disulphides has been developed, based on the quantitative oxidation of carbon disulphide produced by acidified chloramine-T to sulphuric and formic acids. Twenty-eight equivalents of chloramine-T are required per mole of a thiuram disulphide.

Determination of sulphur monochloride by oxidation with chloramine-T

A rapid method is described for the determination of sulphur monochloride by adding excess of chloramine-T and determining the excess iodometrically.

Analysis of metal thiourea complexes by chloramine-T oxidation

A rapid method is described for the analysis of metal thiourea complexes of Zn, Cd, Hg and Cu by adding excess of chloramine-T and determining the excess iodometrically. Colloidal suspensions of metal sulphides (Cu, Hg, Zn, Cd) have been found to undergo rapid oxidation to sulphate quantitatively in acid medium by chloramine-T.

Oxidation of polythionates with chloramine-T

Chloramine-T has been found to bring about the rupture of S-S link in polythionates in acid medium and oxidise all the sulphur present in the chain into sulphuric acid. Quantitative estimation of a polythionate may be made on the basis of this oxidation reaction.

Determination of carbon disulphide by chloramine-T

Carbon disulphide, on treatment with alcoholic potash, can readily be oxidised quantitatively by chloramine-T, converting all the sulphur to sulphuric acid. Fourteen equivalents of the oxidant are consumed for every mole of carbon disulphide. Since excess of chloramine-T may be determined iodimetrically, this reaction may be used for the determination of carbon disulphide. It may also be applied to the determination of xanthates.

Synthesis of Cholic Acid Oligomer-Taurine Conjugates: A Study of Their Aggregation and Cholesterol Solubilization

Taurine conjugates of two cholic acid derived oligomers with different spacers between the cholic acid units were synthesized. These molecules self-assemble in aqueous media. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values were measured by using fluorescence spectroscopic analysis and the aggregates were characterized by dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. The cooperativity of the cholic acid units in these tetramers to solubilize cholesterol was investigated. The ability of these molecules to act as nanocarriers for liphophilic dyes was also studied.

Studies on the reactions of thionyl fluoride

Thionyl fluoride undergoes quantitative oxidation with chloramine-T and reduction with lithium aluminium hydride and sodium borohydride. At elevated temperatures, (>150°C) it reacts with metals such as copper, silver, zinc and lead forming the corresponding metal sulphides, fluorides and sulphur dioxide. With the respective metal oxides, the metal fluorides and sulphur dioxide are formed.

Investigations on the preparation, oxidation and reduction reactions of thiophosphoryl fluoride

Pure thiophosphoryl fluoride has been prepared by the fluorination of thiophosphoryl chloride by sodium fluoride in acetonitrile medium. Oxidation of this phosphoryl fluoride by acidified chloramine-T ruptures the phosphorus-sulphur bond and oxidises the sulphur present to the hexavalent state. Anhydrous hydrogen iodide reduces the sulphur to hydrogen sulphide and phosphorus to the trivalent state.

A method for the determination of dixanthogens

One mole of diethyl dixanthogen reacts with 26 moles of chloramine-T, and this reaction can be used for the determination of the dixanthogen. Higher alkyl dixanthogens react in a more complicated fashion, but may still be estimated using an empirical correction.

Bromenium-Catalysed Tandem Ring Opening/Cyclisation of Vinylcyclopropanes and Vinylcyclobutanes: A Metal-Free 3+2+1]/4+2+1] Cascade for the Synthesis of Chiral Amidines and Computational Investigation

We present a detailed study of a 3+2+1] cascade cyclisation of vinylcyclopropanes (VCP) catalysed by a bromenium species (Brd+?Xd-) generated in situ, which results in the synthesis of chiral bicyclic amidines in a tandem one-pot operation. The formation of amidines involves the ring-opening of VCPs with Br?X, followed by a Ritter-type reaction with chloramine-T and a tandem cyclisation. The reaction has been further extended to vinylcyclobutane systems and involves a 4+2+1] cascade cyclisation with the same reagents. The versatility of the methodology has been demonstrated by careful choice of VCPs and VCBs to yield bicyclo4.3.0]-, -4.3.1]- and -4.4.0]amidines in enantiomerically pure form. On the basis of the experimental observations and DFT calculations, a reasonable mechanism has been put forth to account for the formation of the products and the observed stereoselectivity. We propose the existence of a p-stabilised homoallylic carbocation at the cyclopropane carbon as the reason for high stereoselectivity. DFT studies at B3LYP/6-311+G** and M06-2X/6-31+G* levels of theory in gas-phase calculations suggest the ring-opening of VCP is initiated at the p-complex stage (between the double bond and Br?X). This can be clearly perceived from the solution-phase (acetonitrile) calculations using the polarisable continuum model (PCM) solvation model, from which the extent of the ring opening of VCP was found to be noticeably high. Studies also show that the formation of zero-bridge bicyclic amidines is favoured over other bridged bicyclic amidines. The energetics of competing reaction pathways is compared to explain the product selectivity.

sigma-Ferrier rearrangement of carbohydrate derived vinylcyclopropanes: a facile approach to oxepane analogs

This article presents our work on the sigma-Ferrier ring-expansion of carbohydrate derived vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs) under electrophilic conditions mediated by chloramine-T and a phase-transfer catalyst. The present work serves as the first example on the studies of the reactivity of carbohydrate VCPs towards the synthesis of densely functionalized oxepane analogues. The work elaborates on a reasonable mechanism for the product formation and our observations on the diastereoselectivity based on control experiments and gas-phase calculations. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.