Design of rectangular reinforced concrete slabs supported on all the sides with a short discontinuous edge

Bending moment coefficients for the design of rectangular reinforced concrete panels supported on four sides with a short discontinuous edge are derived using the strip theory. The moment fields resulting from the use of proposed coefficients are examined in terms of the moment volume for possible savings in reinforcement and compared with other codified procedures. The strip coefficients averaged over the corresponding sides of the panel, besides resulting in considerable savings in reinforcement, are found to be identical with the coefficients predicted by simple yield line theory using an orthotropic layout of reinforcement.

Elasto-plastic Cracking Analysis of Reinforced Concrete

A new elasto-plastic cracking constitutive model for reinforced concrete is presented. The nonlinear effects considered cover almost all the nonlinearities exhibited by reinforced concrete under short term monotonic loading. They include concrete cracking in tension, plasticity in compression, aggregate interlock, tension softening, elasto-plastic behavior of steel, bond-slip between concrete, and steel reinforcement and tension stiffening. A new procedure for incorporating bondslip in smeared steel elements is described. A modified Huber-Hencky-Mises failure criterion for plastic deformation of concrete, which fits the experimental results under biaxial stresses better, is proposed. Multiple cracking at Gauss points and their opening and closing are considered. Matrix expressions are developed and are incorporated in a nonlinear finite element program. After the objectivity of the model is demonstrated, the model is used to analyze two different types of problems: one, a set of four shear panels, and the other, a reinforced concrete beam without shear reinforcement. The results of the analysis agree favorably with the experimental results.

Boundary element analysis of reinforced concrete structural elements

A simple and practical technique for the discrete representation of reinforcement in two-dimensional boundary element analysis of reinforced concrete structural elements is presented. The bond developed over the surface of contact between the reinforcing steel and concrete is represented using fictitious one-dimensional spring elements. Potentials of the model developed are demonstrated using a number of numerical examples. The results are seen to be in good agreement with the results obtained using standard finite element software.

Prediction of fatigue strength in plain and reinforced concrete beams

A fatigue crack propagation model for concrete is proposed based on the concepts of fracture mechanics. This model takes into account the loading history, frequency of applied load, and size, effect parameters. Using this model, a method is described based on linear elastic fracture mechanics to assess the residual strength of cracked plain and reinforced concrete (RC) beams. This could be used to predict the residual strength (load carrying capacity) of cracked or damaged plain and reinforced concrete beams at a given level of damage. It has been seen that the fatigue crack propagation rate increases as. the size of plain concrete, beam increases indicating an increase in brittleness. In reinforced concrete (RC) beams, the fracture process becomes stable only when the beam is sufficiently reinforced.

Ultimate Strength of RC Wall Panels in One-Way In-Plane Action

Test results of 24 reinforced concrete wall panels in one-way in-plane action are presented. The panels were loaded at a small eccentricity to reflect possible eccentric loading in practice. Influences of slenderness ratio, aspect ratio, vertical steel, and horizontal steel on the ultimate load are studied. An empirical equation modifying two existing methods is proposed for the prediction of ultimate load. The modified equation includes the effects of slenderness ratio, amount of vertical steel, and aspect ratio. The results predicted by the proposed modified method and five other available equations are compared with 48 test data. The proposed modified equation is found to be satisfactory and, additionally, includes the effect of aspect ratio which is not present in other methods.

Markov Chain Model for Cracking Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams

In this paper, nonhomogeneous Markov chains are proposed for modeling the cracking behavior of reinforced concrete beams subjected to monotonically increasing loads. The model facilitates prediction of the maximum crackwidth at a given load given the crackwidth at a lower load level, and thus leads to a better understanding of the cracking phenomenon. To illustrate the methodology developed, the results of three reinforced concrete beams tested in the laboratory are analyzed and presented.

Probabilistic Analysis of Cracking Moment of Reinforced Concrete Beams

Probabilistic analysis of cracking moment from 22 simply supported reinforced concrete beams is performed. When the basic variables follow the distribution considered in this study, the cracking moment of a beam is found to follow a normal distribution. An expression is derived, for characteristic cracking moment, which will be useful in examining reinforced concrete beams for a limit state of cracking.

Ultimate Strength of R.C. Wall Panels in Two-Way In-Plane Action

Test results of 24 reinforced concrete wall panels in two-way action (i.e., supported on all the four sides) and subjected to in-plane vertical load are presented. The load is applied at an eccentricity to represent possible accidental eccentricity that occurs in practice due to constructional imperfections. Influences of aspect ratio, thinness ratio, slendemess ratio, vertical steel, and horizontal steel on the ultimate load are studied. Two equations are proposed to predict the ultimate load carried by the panels. The first equation is empirical and is arrived at from trial and error fitting with test data. The second equation is semi-empirical and is developed from a modification of the buckling strength of thin rectangular plates. Both the equations are formulated so as to give a safe prediction of a large portion of ultimate strength test results. Also, ultimate load cracking load and lateral deflections of identical panels in two-way action (all four sides supported) and oneway action (top and bottom sides only supported) are compared.

Deformational Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Beams in Bending

An experimental study aimed at understanding the deformational behavior of conventionally reinforced steel fiber concrete beams in pure bending is reported in this paper. One group of beams has steel fibers dispersed in the entire volume of the beam and the second has fibers dispersed over half the depth of the beam on the tension side. A comparative study of the deformational characteristics of these beams has been made. Half-depth fiber inclusion, requiring only half the quantity of fibers of full-depth inclusion, is found to be equally effective in improving the deformational behavior of beams. Thus, by such modes of inclusion of fibers, an economical and efficient use of expensive steel fibers can be realized.

Nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete corbel

Reinforced concrete corbels have been analysed using the nonlinear finite element method. An elasto-plastic-cracking constitutive formulation using Huber-Hencky-Mises yield surface augmented with a tension cut-off is employed. Smeared-fixed cracking with mesh-dependent strain softening is employed to obtain objective results. Multiple non-orthogonal cracking and opening and closing of cracks are permitted. The model and the formulation are verified with respect to available numerical solution for an RC corbel. Results of analyses of nine reinforced concrete corbels are presented and compared with experimental results. Nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures is shown to be a complement and also a feasible alternative to laboratory testing.

Punching shear strength of flat slab corner column connections .1. Reinforced concrete connections

This paper presents the details of an experimental study on punching shear strength and behaviour of reinforced concrete corner column connections in flat slabs; a quasi-empirical method is proposed for computing the punching shear strength. The method has also been extended for punching shear strength prediction at interior and edge column connections. The test results compare better with the strengths predicted by the proposed method than those by Ingvarson, Zaglool and Pollet available in the literature. Further, the experimental strengths of interior, edge and corner column connections have been compared with the strengths predicted by the proposed method and the two codes of practice, viz. ACI and BS code, to demonstrate the usefulness of the method.

Punching shear strength of flat slab corner column connections .2. Fibre-reinforced concrete connections

This paper gives the details of the studies undertaken to examine the strength and behaviour of fibre-reinforced concrete corner column connections in flat slabs. Tests have been conducted on 16 specimens with varying reinforcement ratio, moment/shear ratio (load eccentricity) and volume fraction of fibres. A quasi-empirical method has been proposed for computing the punching shear strength. The method has also been extended to fibre-reinforced concrete interior column connections, tests on which are available in the literature. The test results have been compared with the strength predicted by the proposed method for corner column as well as interior column connections and a satisfactory agreement noticed.