Structural studies of analgesics and their interactions .10. A hydrated 1-1 complex between niflumic acid and ethanolamine, c13h8f3n2o-2.c2h8no+.h2o.

Mr= 361.3, triclinic, P1, a = 6-239 (2), b=11.280(2), c=12-451(2)A, a=101.2 (1), B= 92.3 (1), 7=99.9(1)°, V=844.123 A3, Z=2, Dx= 1.42, D m = 1.42 (1) Mg m -3, n(Cu Ka) = 1.5418 ,A., g = 1-102 mm -1, F(000) = 376, T= 293 K. Final R = 0.064 for 2150 observed reflections. The niflumic acid anions consist essentially of three planar groupings, namely, two six-membered rings and a carboxylate group attached to one of them. The invariant common structural features observed in the crystal structures of fenamates, namely, the coplanarity of the carboxyl group and the six-membered ring bearing it, and the internal hydrogen bond between the carboxyl group and the imino N atom that bridges the two sixmembered rings, are retained in the complex. The amino N atom is gauche with respect to the terminal hydroxyl group in the ethanolamine cation. The complexation between the two molecules is achieved through ionic and hydrogen-bonded interactions involving the carboxylate group in niflumic acid.

3,3',5,5'-Tetrabromophenolsulfonphthalein (bromphenol blue), C19H10Br4O5S

M r=670.02, monoclinic, C2/c, a= 31.003(4), b=11.037(2), c=21.183(3)A, fl= 143.7 (1) °, V= 4291.2/k 3, D,n = 2.06, D x = 2.07Mgm -3, Z=8, MoKa, 2=0.7107/k, /~=7.45 mm -1, F(000) = 2560, T= 293 K, R = 0.061 for 1697 observed reflections. The bromphenol blue molecule consists essentially of three planar groupings: the sulfonphthalein ring system and two dibromophenol rings attached to the tetrahedral C atom of the five-membered ring of the sulfonphthalein system. The dibromophenol rings are inclined with resPect to each other at 73 ° whereas they make angles of 85 and 68 ° with respect to the sulfonphthalein system. The molecules aggregate into helical columns with the non-polar regions of the molecules in the interior and the polar regions on the surface. The columns are held together by a network of hydrogen bonds.

Existence and approximations of solutions to some fractional order functional integral equations

In this paper we shall study a fractional order functional integral equation. In the first part of the paper, we proved the existence and uniqueness of mile and global solutions in a Banach space. In the second part of the paper, we used the analytic semigroups theory oflinear operators and the fixed point method to establish the existence, uniqueness and convergence of approximate solutions of the given problem in a separable Hilbert space. We also proved the existence and convergence of Faedo-Galerkin approximate solution to the given problem. Finally, we give an example.

Approximation of solutions to fractional integral equation

In this paper we shall study a fractional integral equation in an arbitrary Banach space X. We used the analytic semigroups theory of linear operators and the fixed point method to establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the given problem. We also prove the existence of global solution. The existence and convergence of the Faedo–Galerkin solution to the given problem is also proved in a separable Hilbert space with some additional assumptions on the operator A. Finally we give an example to illustrate the applications of the abstract results.

Self accomodation morphology of martensite variants in Zr---2.5wt%Nb alloy

The role of self accomodation of the different mertensite variants controlling the morphologies of the Zr---2.5wt%Nb alloy martensite has been examined. Three distinct types of grouping of martensite variants have been found to be predominantly present. Crystallographic descriptions of these groups have been provided and the degrees of self accomodation for these have been estimated and compared with those corresponding to other possible variant groupings around the symmetry axes of the parent phase. The frequently observed 3-variant group, which shows an “indentation mark” morphology when viewed along left angle bracket111right-pointing angle bracketβ directions in the transmission electron microscope, has been seen to have the highest degree of self accomodation amongst the cases considered. Based on the observations made, a growth sequence leading to the formation of the final martensitic structure has been proposed.

Revision of the scolopendrid centipede digitipes Attems, 1930, from India (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): reconciling molecular and morphological estimates of species diversity

Recent work on molecular phylogenetics of Scolopendridae from the Western Ghats, Peninsular India, has suggested the presence of six cryptic species of the otostigmine Digitipes Attems, 1930, together with three species described in previous taxonomic work by Jangi and Dass (1984). Digitipes is the correct generic attribution for a monophyletic group of Indian species, these being united with three species from tropical Africa (including the type) that share a distomedial process on the ultimate leg femur of males that is otherwise unknown in Otostigminae. Second maxillary characters previously used in the diagnosis of Digitipes are dismissed because Indian species do not possess the putatively diagnostic character states. Two new species from the Western Ghats that correspond to groupings identified based on monophyly, sequence divergence and coalescent analysis using molecular data are diagnosed based on distinct morphological characters. They are D. jangii and D. periyarensis n. spp. Three species named by Jangi and Dass (Digitipes barnabasi, D. coonoorensis and D. indicus) are revised based on new collections; D. indicus is a junior subjective synonym of Arthrorhabdus jonesii Verhoeff, 1938, the combination becoming Digitipes jonesii (Verhoeff, 1938) n. comb. The presence of Arthrorhabdus in India is accordingly refuted. Three putative species delimited by molecular and ecological data remain cryptic from the perspective of diagnostic morphological characters and are presently retained in D. barnabasi, D. jangii and D. jonesii. A molecularly-delimited species that resolved as sister group to a well-supported clade of Indian Digitipes is identified as Otostigmus ruficeps Pocock, 1890, originally described from a single specimen and revised herein. One Indian species originally assigned to Digitipes, D. gravelyi, deviates from confidently-assigned Digitipes with respect to several characters and is reassigned to Otostigmus, as O. gravelyi (Jangi and Dass, 1984) n. comb.