Observers for linear systems with unknown inputs

This paper presents a constructive solution to the problem of designing a reduced-order Luenberger observer for linear systems subject to arbitrary unknown inputs.

A Fredholm-type theory for third-kind linear integral equations

The third-kind linear integral equation Image where g(t) vanishes at a finite number of points in (a, b), is considered. In general, the Fredholm Alternative theory [[5.]] does not hold good for this type of integral equation. However, imposing certain conditions on g(t) and K(t, t′), the above integral equation was shown [[1.], 49–57] to obey a Fredholm-type theory, except for a certain class of kernels for which the question was left open. In this note a theory is presented for the equation under consideration with some additional assumptions on such kernels.

Approximate analysis of coupled non-linear non-conservative systems subjected to step-function excitation

The paper deals with the approximate analysis of non-linear non-conservative systems oftwo degrees of freedom subjected to step-function excitation. The method of averaging of Krylov and Bogoliubov is used to arrive at the approximate equations for amplitude and phase. An example of a spring-mass-damper system is presented to illustrate the method and a comparison with numerical results brings out the validity of the approach.

Identification of a class of non-linear systems

This paper considers the on-line identification of a non-linear system in terms of a Hammerstein model, with a zero-memory non-linear gain followed by a linear system. The linear part is represented by a Laguerre expansion of its impulse response and the non-linear part by a polynomial. The identification procedure involves determination of the coefficients of the Laguerre expansion of correlation functions and an iterative adjustment of the parameters of the non-linear gain by gradient methods. The method is applicable to situations involving a wide class of input signals. Even in the presence of additive correlated noise, satisfactory performance is achieved with the variance of the error converging to a value close to the variance of the noise. Digital computer simulation establishes the practicability of the scheme in different situations.

Linear description of electrical networks for computer analysis

A parentheses-free code is suggested for the description of two-terminal electrical networks for computer analysis.

Paraxial Maxwell beams: transformation by general linear optical systems

Extending the work of earlier papers on the relativistic-front description of paraxial optics and the formulation of Fourier optics for vector waves consistent with the Maxwell equations, we generalize the Jones calculus of axial plane waves to describe the action of the most general linear optical system on paraxial Maxwell fields. Several examples are worked out, and in each case it is shown that the formalism leads to physically correct results. The importance of retaining the small components of the field vectors along the axis of the system for a consistent description is emphasized.

Adsopption isotherms-A critique

The possibility or the impossibility of separating the particle and the electrode interactions is discussed in a wider context of the effects due to any two interaction potentials on the equation of state. The involved nature of the pressure dependence on two individually definable forces is illustrated through the Percus Yevick results for the adhesive hard spheres. An alternative form of the adsorption isotherm is given to bring home the intimate relationship between the actual equation of state and the free energy of adsorption. Thermodynamic consequences of congruence with respect to E (or q) as reflected through the linear plots of q (or E) vs. θ are well known. Mathematical consequences of simultaneous congruence have been pointed out recently. In this paper, the physical nature of congruence hypothesis is revealed. In passing "the pseudo-congruence" is also discussed. It is emphasised that the problem is no less ambiguous with regard to modelling the particle/particle interaction. The ad hoc nature of our dependence of the available equations of state is emphasised through a discussion on the HFL theory. Finally, a heuristic method for modelling ΔG mathematically-incorporating its behaviour at saturation coverages-is advanced. The more interesting aspects of this approach, which generalises almost all isotherms hitherto known, are sketched.

A note on the period of oscillation of non-linear systems

This paper deals with two approximate methods of finding the period of oscillations of non-linear conservative systems excited by step functions. The first method is an extension of the analysis presented by Jonckheere [4] and the second one is based on a weighted bilinear approximation of the non-linear characteristic. An example is presented and the approximate results are compared with the exact results

The transient response of certain third-ordernon-linear systems

In this paper a method of solving certain third-order non-linear systems by using themethod of ultraspherical polynomial approximation is proposed. By using the method of variation of parameters the third-order equation is reduced to three partial differential equations. Instead of being averaged over a cycle, the non-linear functions are expanded in ultraspherical polynomials and with only the constant term retained, the equations are solved. The results of the procedure are compared with the numerical solutions obtained on a digital computer. A degenerate third-order system is also considered and results obtained for the above system are compared with numerical results obtained on the digital computer. There is good agreement between the results obtained by the proposed method and the numerical solution obtained on digital computer.

Active vibration suppression of non-linear beams using optimal dynamic inversion

Euler–Bernoulli beams are distributed parameter systems that are governed by a non-linear partial differential equation (PDE) of motion. This paper presents a vibration control approach for such beams that directly utilizes the non-linear PDE of motion, and hence, it is free from approximation errors (such as model reduction, linearization etc.). Two state feedback controllers are presented based on a newly developed optimal dynamic inversion technique which leads to closed-form solutions for the control variable. In one formulation a continuous controller structure is assumed in the spatial domain, whereas in the other approach it is assumed that the control force is applied through a finite number of discrete actuators located at predefined discrete locations in the spatial domain. An implicit finite difference technique with unconditional stability has been used to solve the PDE with control actions. Numerical simulation studies show that the beam vibration can effectively be decreased using either of the two formulations.

Study of linear and nonlinear optical properties of dendrimers using density matrix renormalization group method

We have used the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method to study the linear and nonlinear optical responses of first generation nitrogen based dendrimers with donor acceptor groups. We have employed Pariser–Parr–Pople Hamiltonian to model the interacting pi electrons in these systems. Within the DMRG method we have used an innovative scheme to target excited states with large transition dipole to the ground state. This method reproduces exact optical gaps and polarization in systems where exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian is possible. We have used a correction vector method which tacitly takes into account the contribution of all excited states, to obtain the ground state polarizibility, first hyperpolarizibility, and two photon absorption cross sections. We find that the lowest optical excitations as well as the lowest excited triplet states are localized. It is interesting to note that the first hyperpolarizibility saturates more rapidly with system size compared to linear polarizibility unlike that of linear polyenes.

Stabilization of linear and nonlinear dynamical systems using an observer-controller configuration

In this paper the problem of stabilization of systems by means of stable compensations is considered, and results are derived for systems using observer�controller structures, for systems using a cascade structure, and for nonlinear systems

On the bottleneck linear programming problem

In this paper, the results on primal methods for Bottleneck Linear Programming (BLP) problem are briefly surveyed, the primal method is presented and the degenerate case related to Bottleneck Transportation Problem (BTP) is explicitly considered. The algorithm is based on the idea of using auxiliary coefficients as is done by Garfinkel and Rao [6]. The modification presented for the BTP rectifies the defect in Hammer's method in the case of degenerate basic feasible solution. Illustrative numerical examples are also given.

Motional Averaging of Electric Field Gradients. Temperature Dependence of Nqr in Sodium Chlorate and Copper Chlorate

Es wird die Temperaturabhiingigkeit der CI35-Kernquadrupolresonanz in Natriumchlorat und Kupferchlorat im Temperature von 77 bis 300 °K untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Annahmen, die in der Theorie von Bayer gemacht werden, fur Chlorate gelten. Die Frequenz der Torsionsschwingungen der ClO3-Gruppe wird folglich mit dieser Theorie berechnet. Der berechnete Wert der Torsionsfrequenz stimmt gut mit vorhandenen Werten der Ramanspektroskopie überein.

Comments on a decentralized control of linear multivariable systems

A strongly connected decentralized control system may be made single channel controllable and observable with respect to any channel by decentralized feedbacks. It is noted here that the system example considered by Corfmat and Morse to illustrate this fact is already single channel controllable and observable, with respect to one of the channels. An alternate example which fits into the situation is presented in this item.