Self Assembly and Electronic Structure of ZnO Nanocrystals

In this paper, we report the synthesis and self assembly of various sizes of ZnO nanocrystals. While the crystal structure and the quantum confinement of nanocrystals were mainly characterized using XRD and UV absorption spectra, the self assembly and long range ordering were studied using scanning tunneling microscopy after spin casting the nanocrystal film on the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface. We observe self assembly of these nanocrystals over large areas making them ideal candidates for various potential applications. Further, the electronic structure of the individual dots is obtained from the current-voltage characteristics of the dots using scanning tunneling spectroscopy and compared with the density of states obtained from the tight binding calculations. We observe an excellent agreement with the experimentally obtained local density of states and the theoretically calculated density of states.

A Transient surface renewal model for heat transfer in bubbling fluidized beds

Abstract is not available.

Chlorination of silver dosed with potassium and barium in presence of oxygen: An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study

XPS studies show that the presence of chemisorbed chlorine stabilizes and also enhances molecular dioxygen species on Ag surfaces dosed with either K or Ba. The surface atomic oxygen is found to become depleted on chlorination. The variation in the nature of surface species with respect to temperature shows chlorine-induced diffusion of atomic oxygen into the subsurface region at 300 K. For coverages of potassium up to 8 × 1014 atoms/cm2, preferential chloridation of Ag occurs while at higher potassium coverages, KCl formation is distinctly observed on the surface. In the case of barium, two types of adsorbed chlorine species, Cl(α) and Cl(β), associated with Ag and Ba, respectively, are clearly seen even at low barium coverages. This is believed to be due to the higher valence occupation of barium compared to potassium. The Cl(α) species associated with Ag is found to occupy a preferred site on both K- and Ba-dosed surfaces, involving chemisorptive replacement of O(α) to the subsurface region.

The study of oxidation state of manganese in lead oxyhalide glasses by optical spectroscopy

Abstaract is not available.

Modified current source inverter fed induction motor drive with reduced torque pulsations

A new technique for reducing the torque pulsations in a conventional current source inverter fed induction motor drive is presented. This does not attempt to improve the current waveforms, but modifies the airgap MMF directly. This is based on the use of a motor with two sets of balanced phase windings, with a 30 electrical degree phase difference between them, and each set being fed from a conventional current source inverter. The two inverters are further connected in series so that they can operate from the same current source. As a consequence of this arrangement, the voltage rating of the components of each inverter is reduced, along with reduced torque ripple. This scheme has been experimentally verified and compared with the performance of a conventional scheme.

Surface instability of a current-carrying plasma under the influence of a high-frequency electric-field

Surface instability of a collisionless semi-infinite current carrying plasma is studied. The semi-infinite plasma bounded by a plane surface is under the influence of a high frequency (hf) field. There are two classes of surface modes. One is a normal extension of zero high frequency field and the other due entirely to the presence ofhf field. As expected, with the increase in thehf field, the growth rates of the surface instabilities decrease. There are regions defined by the electron drift velocityu where the unstable surface and bulk regions overlap. The interesting result is that unlike the bulk plasma, there is a stable region on theu-axis flanked by two unstable regions. The width of this stable region increases with the increase in the field strength.

Speckle-based fibre-optic current sensor

A new fibre-optic sensor, based on the speckle phenomenon, for the measurement of current is described. The technique has the advantages of simplicity and sensitivity, but requires a two-step measurement procedure.

Mechanisms of transmembrane cation transport studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Several molecules like ionophores, vitamins, ion-binding cyclic peptides, acidic phospholipids, surfactants are known to expose the inner side of vesicles, to the externally added cations. Whereas ionophores and certain other systems bring about these changes by a selective transport (influx) of the cation by specialized mechanisms known as the carrier and channel mechanism, other systems cause lysis and vesicle fusion. These systems have been successfully studied using1H,31 P and13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy after the demonstration, fifteen years ago, of the ability of paramagnetic lanthanide ions to distinguish the inside of the vesicle from the outside. The results of these ’nuclear magnetic resonance kinetics’ experiments are reviewed.

Study of surface acidity of oxide catalysts by photoacoustic spectroscopy

Photoacoustic spectroscopy has been employed to estimate quantitatively the acid sites on oxide catalysts. The technique involves the measurement of the ratio of intensities of absorption bands due to conjugate bases and acids of indicators adsorbed on the catalyst surface as a function of the amount of added n-butylamine. Basic sites in sodium-impregnated alumina samples have been examined by adsorbing phenolphthalein on these surfaces.

The transient response of certain third-ordernon-linear systems

In this paper a method of solving certain third-order non-linear systems by using themethod of ultraspherical polynomial approximation is proposed. By using the method of variation of parameters the third-order equation is reduced to three partial differential equations. Instead of being averaged over a cycle, the non-linear functions are expanded in ultraspherical polynomials and with only the constant term retained, the equations are solved. The results of the procedure are compared with the numerical solutions obtained on a digital computer. A degenerate third-order system is also considered and results obtained for the above system are compared with numerical results obtained on the digital computer. There is good agreement between the results obtained by the proposed method and the numerical solution obtained on digital computer.

Study of solids and surfaces by photoacoustic spectroscopy

Photoacoustic spectroscopy has been employed to study the electronic spectra of a variety of solids. The systems studied include powders of intensely coloured dyes, amorphous chalcogenides and oxide gels besides polycrystalline samples of several oxide materials. Surface sensitivity of the technique has been examined by study of dye adsorption on oxide surfaces and determination of surface areas of active oxides. Acidic and basic sites on catalyst surfaces have also been estimated by this technique.