Effect of cold exposure on the metabolism of ubiquinone in the rat

1. Accumulation of ubiquinone in the livers of rats exposed to a cold environment was shown to be due to both decreased catabolism during the entire experimental period and increased synthesis during an intermediate stage (10–20 days). 2. The increased endogenous synthesis in the cold-exposed rats was eliminated when ubiquinone accumulated in the liver after exposure for 40 days (coinciding with cclimatization), or by absorption of the exogenous dietary supply, possibly by the mechanism of end-product regulation.

A Mechanistic Model for the Water-Gas Shift Reaction over Noble Metal Substituted Ceria

The water-gas shift (WGS) reaction was carried out in the presence of Pd and Pt substituted nanocrystalline ceria catalysts synthesized by solution combustion technique. The catalysts were characterized by powder XRD and XPS. The noble metals were found to be present in ionic form substituted for the cerium atoms. The catalysts showed highactivity for the WGS reaction with high conversions below 250 degrees C. The products of reaction were only carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and no hydrocarbons were observed even in trace quantities. The reactions were carried out with different amounts of noble metal ion substitution and 2% Pt substituted ceria was found to be the best catalyst. The various possible mechanisms for the reaction were proposed and tested for their consistency with experimental data. The dual site mechanism best described the kinetics of the reaction and the corresponding rate parameters were obtained.

Dynamic viscosity of gas mixtures

The viscosity of five binary gas mixtures - namely, oxygen-hydrogen, oxygen-nitrogen, oxygen-carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide-nitrogen, carbon dioxide-hydrogen - and two ternary mixtures - oxygen-nitrogen-carbon dioxide and oxygen-hydrogen-carbon dioxide - were determined at ambient temperature and pressure using an oscillating disk viscometer. The theoretical expressions of several investigators were in good agreement with the experimental results obtained with this viscometer. In the case of the ternary gas mixture oxygen-carbon dioxide-nitrogen, as long as the volumetric ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide in the mixture was maintained at 11 to 8, the viscosity of the ternary mixture at ambient temperature and pressure remained constant irrespective of the percentage of nitrogen present in the mixture.

Effect of impulsive change of wall velocity and wall temperature in viscous heat-conducting gas

A study of compression waves produced in a viscous heat-conducting gas by the impulsive start of a one-dimensional piston and by the inpulsive change of piston wall temperature is made using Laplace Transform Technique for Prandt1 number unity. Expressions for velocity, temperature and density have also been obtained using small-time expansion procedure in this case. For arbitrary Prandt1 number solutions have been developed using large-time expansion procedure. A number of graphs exhibiting the distribution of the fluid velocity, temperature and density have been drawn.

An exact similarity solution in radiation-gas-dynamics

We have found an exact similarity solution of the point explosion problem in the case when the total energy of the shock wave that is produced is not constant but decreases with time and when the loss due to radiation escape is significant. We have compared the results of our exact solution with those of exact numerical solutions of Elliot and Wang and have explained the cause why our solution differs from theirs in certain aspects.

Pd and Pt ions as highly active sites for the water-gas shift reaction over combustion synthesized zirconia and zirconia-modified ceria

Noble metal substituted ionic catalysts were synthesized by solution combustion technique. The compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Zirconia supported compounds crystallized in tetragonal phase. The solid solutions of ceria with zirconia crystallized in fluorite structure. The noble metals were substituted in ionic form.The water-gas shift reaction was carried out over the catalysts.Negligible conversions were observed with unsubstituted compounds. The substitution of a noble metal ion was found to enhance the reaction rate. Equilibrium conversion was obtained below 250 degrees C in the presence of Pt ion substituted compounds. The formation of Bronsted acid-Bronsted base pairs was proposed to explain the activity of zirconia catalysts. The effect of oxide ion vacancies on the reactions over substituted ceria-zirconia solid solutions was established. (c)2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A class of one-dimensional steady-state flows in radiation-gas-dynamics

The study of steady-state flows in radiation-gas-dynamics, when radiation pressure is negligible in comparison with gas pressure, can be reduced to the study of a single first-order ordinary differential equation in particle velocity and radiation pressure. The class of steady flows, determined by the fact that the velocities in two uniform states are real, i.e. the Rankine-Hugoniot points are real, has been discussed in detail in a previous paper by one of us, when the Mach number M of the flow in one of the uniform states (at x=+∞) is greater than one and the flow direction is in the negative direction of the x-axis. In this paper we have discussed the case when M is less than or equal to one and the flow direction is still in the negative direction of the x-axis. We have drawn the various phase planes and the integral curves in each phase plane give various steady flows. We have also discussed the appearance of discontinuities in these flows.

A low temperature Weissenberg camera

Details of the design and operation of a Weissenberg camera suitable for x-ray investigations between -180°c and 200°c are presented. The camera employs a novel arrangement of spur and bevel gears to couple the goniometer spindle to the worm rod which controls the range of oscillation. The entire drive system and the goniometer assembly are mounted on a support which permits the insertion or removal of a cylindrical cassette from the gear-box side without disturbing the cooling assembly and the layer-line screen. The cassette can also be inserted from the opposite side. The specimen can be cooled either directly by a stream of liquid air or by the cold gas from its evaporation. Condensation of moisture at low temperatures is prevented by heating the layer-line tubes internally.

Gas amplification in proportional counters

The variation of gas amplification with applied voltage is an important characteristic of a proportional counter. Results of studies on gas amplification for gas fillings of argon quenched with ethane and carbon dioxide are given. The effects of (a) pressure, (b) quenching agent and (c) concentration on A are discussed briefly.

Stabilizing hadron resonance gas models

We examine the stability of hadron resonance gas models by extending them to include undiscovered resonances through the Hagedorn formula. We find that the influence of unknown resonances on thermodynamics is large but bounded. We model the decays of resonances and investigate the ratios of particle yields in heavy-ion collisions. We find that observables such as hydrodynamics and hadron yield ratios change little upon extending the model. As a result, heavy-ion collisions at the RHIC and LHC are insensitive to a possible exponential rise in the hadronic density of states, thus increasing the stability of the predictions of hadron resonance gas models in this context. Hadron resonance gases are internally consistent up to a temperature higher than the crossover temperature in QCD, but by examining quark number susceptibilities we find that their region of applicability ends below the QCD crossover.

Development of thermoelectric gas sensors for volatile organic compounds

This paper describes the design and development of a thermoelectric gas sensor suitable for the detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). In order to enhance the seebeck coefficient of the sensor, we have deposited chromium metal films on a limited area of the glass substrate. Tin oxide thin film was deposited on top of these metal films. The resulting metal/semiconductor film exhibits a high seebeck coefficient of 400 mu V/ degrees C. Platinum catalyst film deposited on the oxide film to create the necessary temperature gradient resulted in further enhancement in the sensitivity of the sensor to target gases. The sensor shows high sensitivity to ppm-change in the concentration of target hydrocarbons at a relatively low temperature of 120 degrees C.