Synthesis, properties and crystal structures of diastereomeric areneruthenium(II) chiral Schiff-base complexes

Diastereomers (SRu,Sc)-1a and (RRu,Sc)-1b, in a ratio of 85: 15 and formulated as [Ru(η-MeC6H4Pri-p)Cl(L*)], have been prepared by treating [{Ru(η-MeC6H4Pri-p)Cl2}2] with the sodium salt of (S)-α-methylbenzylsalicylaldimine (HL*) in tetrahydrofuran at –70 °C. The reaction of 1(1a+1b) with AgClO4 in acetone followed by an addition of PPh3 or 4-methylpyridine (4Me-py) leads to the formation of adducts [Ru(η-MeC6H4Pri-p)(PPh3)(L*)]ClO42[(SRu,Sc)2a, (FRu,Sc)2b] and [Ru(η-MeC6H4Pri-p)(4Me-py)(L*)]ClO43[(SRu,Sc)3a, (RRu,Sc)3b] in the diastereomeric ratios (SRu,Sc) : (RRu,Sc) of 2 : 98 and 76 : 24, respectively. Complex 1 crystallises with equal numbers of 1a and 1b molecules in an asymmetric unit of monoclinic space group P21 with a= 10.854(1), b= 17.090(1), c= 12.808(4)Å, β= 110.51(1)°, and Z= 4. The structure was refined to R= 0.0552 and R′= 0.0530 with 2893 reflections having I[gt-or-equal] 1.5σ(I). The absolute configurations of the chiral centres in the optically pure single crystal of the PPh3 adduct have been obtained from an X-ray study. Crystals of formulation [Ru(η-MeC6H4Pri-p)-(PPh3)(L*)]2[ClO4][PF6]·1.5 CHCl3, obtained in presence of both ClO4 and PF6 anions, belong to the non-centric triclinic space group P1 with a= 10.852(2), b= 14.028(1), c= 15.950(2)Å, α= 91.51(1), β= 105.97(1), γ= 106.11(1)°, and Z= 2. The final residuals were R= 0.0713, R′= 0.0752 with 7283 reflections having I[gt-or-equal] 2.5σ(I). The crystal structures of 1a,1b, and the PPh3 adduct (2b,2b′) consist of a ruthenium(II) centre bonded to a η-p-cymene, a bidentate chelating Schiff base, and a unidentate ligand (Cl or PPh3). The chirooptical properties of the complexes have been studied using 1H NMR and CD spectral data. The presence of a low-energy barrier for the intermediate involved in these reactions, showing both retention as well as inversion of the metal configuration, is discussed.

Application of selective F-1 decoupled H-1 NMR for enantiomer resolution and accurate measurement of enantiomeric excess at low chiral substrate/auxiliary concentration

The higher substrate and chiral auxiliary concentration is a pre-requisite to obtain efficient separation of H-1 NMR signals of enantiomers. The higher concentration of chiral lanthanide shift reagents provides broadened spectral lines resulting in a severe loss of resolution between the enantiomer resonances. In order to circumvent such difficulties, herein we present the application and the usefulness of a selective F-1 decoupled correlation (COSY) experiment which yields proton decoupled proton spectra in the indirect dimension. The potentiality of the experiment is demonstrated on several chiral compounds possessing different functional groups, employing either a lanthanide shift reagent or a solvating reagent as chiral auxiliaries. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Short-bite chiral diphosphazanes derived from (S)-?-methyl benzyl amine and their Pd, Pt and Rh metal complexes

New chiral diphosphazane ligands of the type Ph(2)PN(S-*CHMePh)PYY' {YY'= Ph(2) (2), O2C6H4 (3); Y= Ph, Y'= Cl {4a (SS), 4b (SR)}, N(2)C(3)HMe(2)-3,5 {5a (SR), 5b (SS)} are synthesised starting from a chiral aminophosphine, Ph(2)PNH(S-*CHMePh) (1). The structure of one of the diastereomer 5a has been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction {Orthorhombic system, P2(1)2(1)2(1); a=10.456 (4), b=15.362 (7), c=17.379 (6) Angstrom, Z=4}. Transition metal mononuclear complexes [Rh{eta(2)-(Ph(2)P)(2)N- (S-*CHMePh)}(2)](+)(BF4)(-) (6), [PdCl2{eta(2)-(Ph(2)P)(2)N(S-*CHMePh)}] (7) and [PtCl2{eta(2)-(Ph(2)P)(2)N- (S-*CHMePh)}] (8) have also been synthesised. The structure of the palladium complex 7 is solved by X-ray crystallography {Orthorhombic system, P2(1)2(1)2(1); a=8.746 (2), b=18.086 (2), c=20.811 (3) Angstrom, Z=4}. All these compounds are characterised by micro analyses, IR and NMR spectroscopic data.

Model studies directed towards the synthesis of functionalised chiral A-ring derivatives of taxanes

Model studies, starting from the monoterpene R-carvone, directed towards the synthesis of chiral A-ring derivatives of taxanes with oxygen functionalities at C-2, 9 and 13 carbon atoms as in taxol is described.

Prediction of the senses of helical amphiphilic assemblies from effective intermolecular pair potential: Studies on chiral monolayers and bilayers

It is well-known that the senses (or the handedness) of the helical assemblies formed from compressed monolayers and bilayers of chiral amphiphiles are highly specific about the chirality of the monomers concerned. We present here a molecular approach that can successfully predict the senses of such helical morphologies. The present approach is based on a reduced tractable description in terms of an effective pair potential (EPP) which depends on the distance of separation and the relative orientations of the two amphiphiles. This approach explicitly considers the pairwise intermolecular interactions between the groups attached to the chiral centers of the two neighboring amphiphiles. It is found that for a pair of the same kind of enantiomers the minimum energy configuration favors a twist angle between molecules and that this twist from neighbor to neighbor gives rise to the helicity of the aggregate. From the known twist angles at the minimum energy configuration the successive arrangement of an array of molecules can be predicted. Therefore, the sense of the helicity can be predicted from the molecular interactions. The predicted senses of the helical structures are in complete agreement with all known experimental results.

Strength Symmetry Index: A measure of seizure adequacy in ECT

Seizure electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from two channels-right (Rt) and left (Lt)-during bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (n = 12) and unilateral ECT (n = 12). The EEG was also acquired into a microcomputer and was analyzed without knowledge of the clinical details. EEG recordings of both ECT procedures yielded seizures of comparable duration. The Strength Symmetry Index (SSI) was computed from the early- and midseizure phases using the fractal dimension of the EEG. The seizures of unilateral ECT were characterized by significantly smaller SSI in both phases. More unilateral than bilateral ECT seizures had a smaller than median SSI in both phases. The seizures also differed on other measures as reported in the literature. The findings indicate that SSI may be a potential measure of seizure adequacy that remains to be validated in future research.

Synthesis and reactivity of chiral tellurium azomethines: Pseudopolymorphism of [o-((((1S,2R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1-methylethyl)amino)methinyl)phenyl] tellurium(IV) bromide

A range of novel chiral tellurium compounds having an azomethine functional group in the position ortho to tellurium has been synthesized by the reaction of the tellurium-containing aldehydes bis(o-formylphenyl) telluride (1) and o-(butyltelluro)benzaldehyde (4) with chiral amines (R)-(+)-(1-pheylethylamine) and (1R,2S)-(-)-norephedrine, respectively. The precursor aldehydes were prepared by using a reported procedure with slight but advantageous modifications. During the preparation of o-(butyltelluro)benzaldehyde, interesting side products, namely bis(o-formylphenyl) ditelluride ethylene acetal 5, bis(o-formylphenyl) tritelluride (6), and bis(o-formylphenyl) ditelluride (7) were isolated in moderate yields. The ditelluride 7 has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The liquid Schiff bases 10 and 11 were further characterized by derivatizing with liquid bromine. The title compound was obtained in excellent yield by reacting the Schiff base 11 with elemental bromine. Detailed NMR studies indicated the presence of a rigid environment for the hydroxyl group. Single-crystal X-ray determinations of the crystals obtained from the different batches indicated. the presence of the two pseudopolymorphic forms 13a and 13b, respectively. In the case of 13a there is one molecule of CH3CN as solvent of crystallization, whereas in 13b half a molecule of CH3CN per molecule of the title compound lies along the 2-fold axis. In 13a the hydroxyl hydrogen is hydrogen-bonded to the nitrogen of the solvent molecule, whereas in 13b it is hydrogen-bonded to the bromine of the neighboring molecule.

Synthesis of chiral bicyclo[4.3.1]decanes via an intramolecular carbonyl ene-reaction

Synthesis of chiral bicyclo[4.3.1]decanes via an intramolecular acid catalysed type II ene reaction of chiral (5-isopropenylcyclohex-2-enyl)acetaldehydes derived from (R)-carvone is described. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chiral Mitsunobu reactions with (1S)-(+)-ketopinic acid: kinetic resolutions of secondary alcohols

Several secondary alcohols undergo the Mitsunobu reaction with triphenylphosphine, diethyl azodicarboxylate and (1S)-(+)-ketopinic acid (0.5 equiv. each relative to alcohol) in CH2Cl2 solution at -23degreesC, to furnish the chiral secondary alcohol and its ketopinate ester (d.e. >95%,). Chromatographic separation of these and subsequent hydrolysis of the ketopinate ester (KOH EtOH/0degreesC) provides the chiral secondary alcohol in overall yields of similar to75% and e.e. of similar to80%. When the above Mitsunobu reaction is performed with 1 equiv. of all the reactants. an effective dynamic kinetic resolution of the alcohol is observed in two cases, the ketopinate esters being isolated in 63 and 75% yields and >95% d.e. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chiral synthons from carvone. Part 53. First enantiospecific synthesis of (-)-9-pupukeanone

The first enantiospecific total synthesis of (-)-9-pupukeanone, starting from (R)-carvone employing a combination of Michael-Michael reaction and an intramolecular rhodium carbenoid C H insertion reaction as key steps, is described. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chiral synthons from carvone, Part 56. Enantiospecific synthesis of (-)-4-thiocyanatoneopupukeanane

Enantiospecific total synthesis of the natural enantiomer of the marine sesquiterpene (-)-4-thiocyanatoneopupukeanane (6) is described. The bicyclo[2.2.2]octanonecarboxylate 11, obtained from (R)-carvone and methyl methacrylate via Michael-Michael reaction, was transformed into bicyclo[2.2.2]octenecarboxylic acid 8. Intramolecular cyclopropanation reaction of the diazo ketone 7, derived from the acid 8, followed by regioselective reductive cyclopropane ring cleavage generated neopupukeanol 20, which was transformed into (-)-4-thiocyanatoneopupukeanane 6.

Half-sandwich (eta(6)-arene)ruthenium(II) chiral Schiff base complexes: Analysis of the diastereomeric mixtures in solution by 2D-NMR spectroscopy

2D NMR spectroscopy has been used to determine the metal configuration in solution of three complexes, viz. [(eta(6)-p-cymene)Ru(L*)Cl] (1) and [(eta(6)-p-cymene)Ru(L*)(L')] (ClO4) (L' = H2O, 2; PPh3, 3), where L* is the anion of (S)-(1-phenylethyl)salicylaldimine. The complexes exist in two diastereomeric forms in solution. Both the (R-Ru,S-C)- and (S-Ru,S-C)-diastereomers display the presence of attractive, CH/pi interaction involving the phenyl group attached to the chiral carbon and the cymene ring hydrogens. This interaction restricts the rotation of the C*-N single bond and, as a result, two structural types with either the hydrogen atom attached to the chiral carbon (C*) or the methyl group attached to C* in close proximity of the cymene ring protons get stabilized. Using 2D NMR spectroscopy as a tool, the spatial interaction involving these protons are studied in order to obtain the metal configuration(s) of the diastereomeric complexes in solution. This technique has enabled us to determine the metal configuration as (R-Ru,S-C) for the major isomers of 1-3 in solution.

Organometallic chemistry of chiral diphosphazane ligands: Synthesis and structural characterisation

The diphosphazane ligands of the type, (C20H12O2)PN(R)P(E)Y2 (R = CHMe2 or (S)-*CHMePh; E = lone pair or S; Y2 = O2C20H12 or Y = OC6H5 or OC6H4Me-4 or OC6H4OMe-4 or OC6H4But-4 or C6H5) bearing axially chiral 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2′-dioxy moiety have been synthesised. The structure and absolute configuration of a diastereomeric palladium complex, [PdCl2{ηsu2}-((O2C20H12)PN((S)-*CHMePh)PPh2] has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The reactions of [CpRu(PPh3)2Cl] with various symmetrical and unsymmetrical diphosphazanes of the type, X2PN(R)PYY′ (R = CHMe2 or (S)-*CHMePh; X = C6H5 or X2 = O2C20H12; Y=Y′= C6H5 or Y = C6H5, Y′ = OC6H4Me-4 or OC6H3Me2-3,5 or N2C3HMe2-3,5) yield several diastereomeric neutral or cationic half-sandwich ruthenium complexes which contain a stereogenic metal center. In one case, the absolute configuration of a trichiral ruthenium complex, viz. [Cp*Ruη2-Ph2PN((S)-*CHMePh)*PPh (N2C3HMe2-3,5)Cl] is established by X-ray diffraction. The reactions of Ru3(CO)12 with the diphosphazanes (C20H12O2)PN(R)PY2 (R = CHMe2orMe; Y2=O2C20H12or Y= OC6H5 or OC6H4Me-4 or OC6H4OMe-4 or OC6H4But-4 or C6H5) yield the triruthenium clusters [Ru3(CO)10{η-(O2C20H12)PN(R)PY2}], in which the diphosphazane ligand bridges two metal centres. Palladium allyl chemistry of some of these chiral ligands has been investigated. The structures of isomeric η3-allyl palladium complexes, [Pd(η3-l,3-R′2-C3H3){η2-(rac)-(02C20H12)PN(CHMe2)PY2}](PF6) (R′ = Me or Ph; Y = C6H5 or OC6H5) have been elucidated by high field two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic studies.

Organometallic chemistry of diphosphazanes. Part 15. Half-sandwich cyclopentadienyl ruthenium complexes of achiral and chiral diphosphazanes

Reaction of [CpRu(PPh3)(2)Cl] (1) {Cp = eta(5)-(C5H5)} with X2PN(CHMe2) PYY' {X = Y = Y' = Ph (L-1); X = Y = Ph, Y' = OC6H4Me-4 (L-4); X = Y = Ph, Y' = OC6H3Me2- 3,5 (L-5); X = Y = Ph, Y' = N2C3HMe2 (L-6)} yields the cationic chelate complexes, [CpRu(eta(2)-(X2PN(CHMe2) PYY')) PPh3] Cl. On the other hand, the reaction of 1 with X2PN(CHMe2)PYY' {X = Ph, YY' = O2C6H4(L-3)} gives the complex, [CpRu(eta(1)-L-2)(2)PPh3] Cl. Both types of complexes are formed with X2PN(CHMe2) PYY' {X = Ph, YY' = O2C6H4 (L-3)}. The reaction of 1 with (R),(S)-(H12C20O2) PN(CHMe2) PPh2 (L-7) yields both cationic and neutral complexes, [CpRu{eta(2)-(L-7)} PPh3] Cl and [CpRu{eta(1)-(L-7)}(2)PPh3] Cl and [CpRu{eta(2)-(L-7)}Cl]. The reactions of optically pure diphosphazane, Ph2PN(*CHMePh) PPhY (Y = Ph (L-8); Y = N2C3HMe2-3,5 (L-9)) with 1 give the neutral and cationic ruthenium complexes, [CpRu{eta(2)-(Ph2PN(R) PPhY)} Cl] and [CpRu{eta(2)-(Ph2PN(R)PPhY)} PPh3] Cl. "Chiral-at-metal" ruthenium complexes of diphosphazanes have been synthesized with high diastereoselectivity. The absolute configuration of a novel ruthenium complex, (SCSPRRu)-[(eta(5)-C5H5) Ru*{eta(2)-(Ph2PN(*CHMePh)P*Ph( N2C3HMe2-3,5))} Cl] possessing three chiral centers, is established by X-ray crystallography. The reactions of [CpRu{eta(2)-(L-8)} Cl] with mono or diphosphanes in the presence of NH4PF6 yield the cationic complexes, [CpRu{eta(2)-(L-8)}{eta(1)-(P)}] PF6 {P = P(OMe)(3), PPh3, Ph2P(CH2)(n)PPh2 (n = 1 or 2)}.