Evolution of three-dimensional character across the Lan+1NinO3n+1 homologous series with increase in n1

Electrical and magnetic properties of La3Ni2O7 and La4Ni3O10 have been investigated in comparison with those of La2NiO4, LaNiO3, and LaSrNiO4. The results suggest an increasing 3-dimensional character across the homologous series Lan+1NinO3n+1 with increase in n. Accordingly, the electrical resistivity decreases in the order La3Ni2O7, La4Ni3O10, and LaNiO3 and this trend is suggested to be related to the percolation threshold. Magnetic properties of these oxides also show some interesting trends across the series.

Evaluation Of Diffusion-Coefficient And Ionic Mobility In (Nh4)4fe(Cn)6.1.5 H2o

The diffusion coefficient, D, and the ionic mobility, μ, in the protonic conductor ammonium ferrocyanide hydrate have been determined by the isothermal transient ionic current method. D is also determined from the time dependence of the build up of potential across the samples and theretical expressions describing this build up in terms of double exponential dependence on time are obtained. The values obtained are D=3.875×10−11m2s−1 and μ=1.65×10−9 m2V−1s−1.

Structure of (6S,13bR)-1,2,3,5,6,13b-hexahydro-6-isopropyl-8H-pyrrolo[1',2':1,2]pyrazino[3,4,-b]quinazoline-5,8-dione

C17H19N302, monoclinic, P21, a = 5.382 (1), b = 17.534(4), c = 8.198(1)/L ,8 = 100.46(1) °, Z= 2, d,, = 1.323, dc= 1.299 Mg m-3, F(000) = 316, /~(Cu .Ka) = 0.618 mm -1. R = 0.052 for 1284 significant reflections. The proline-containing cispeptide unit which forms part of a six-membered ring deviates from perfect planarity. The torsion angle about the peptide bond is 3.0 (5) ° and the peptide bond length is 1.313 (5)A. The conformation of the proline ring is Cs-Cf~-endo. The crystal structure is stabilized by C-H... O interactions.

High-Pressure Nmr And Compressibility Evidence For A Phase-Transition In The Protonic Conductor (NH4)4Fe(CN)6.1.5H2o

1H NMR at high hydrostatic pressures and compressibility studies show that the protonic conductor (NH4)4Fe(CN)6·1.5H2O undergoes a phase transition around 0.45 GPa. The transition is characterized by a large hysteresis. From the NMR studies, an activation volume of 6% is obtained below the phase transition, indicating the dominance of Frenkel defects.

Non-bonded interactions in 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanedithione and 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-thio-1,3-cyclobutanedione

Electronic absorption and emission spectra as well as He(I) photoelectron spectra of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-,3-cyclobutanedithione and 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1-3-thio-1,3-cyclobutanedione have been interpreted on the basis of molecular orbital calculations. The results show that the non-bonded orbital of the dithione is split owing to through-bond interaction, the magnitude of splitting being 0.4 eV. The π* orbital of the dithione appears to be split by about 0.2 eV. Electronic absorption spectra show evidence for the existence of four n—π* transitions, arising out of the splitting of the orbitals referred to above, just as in the case of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanedione. Electronic and photoelectron spectra of the thio-dione show evidence for weak interaction between the C=S and C&.zdbnd;O groups, probably via π* orbitals. Infrared spectra of both the dithione and the thio-dione are consistent with the planar cyclobutane ring; the ring-puckering frequency responsible for non-bonded interactions is around 67 cm−1 in both the dithione and the thio-dione, the value not being very different from that in the dione. The 1,3-transannular distance is also similar in the three molecules.

Structure of 2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,5- dimethylbicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6,8-dione

C18H2204, orthorhombic, P212~21, a = 7.343 (4), b = 11.251 (4), c = 19.357 (4)A, Z = 4, Dr, ' = 1.20, D e = 1.254 g cm -3, F(000) = 648, p(MoKa) = 0.94 cm -~. X-ray intensity data were collected on a Nonius CAD-4 diffractometer and the structure was solved by direct methods. Full-matrix least-squares refinement gave R = 0.052 (R w = 0.045) for 1053 observed reflections. The stereochemical configuration at C(2) has been shown to be 2-exo-methyl-2-endo-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl), i.e. (3) in contrast to the structure (2) assigned earlier based on its ~H NMR data.

Renormalisation of the Fayet-Illiopoulos term in supersymmetric spontaneously broken U( 1) gauge theories

It is shown that the Fayet-Illiopoulos D term in N= 1 supersymmetric spontaneously broken U( 1) gauge theories may get one-loop corrections, even when trace U( 1) charges are zero. However, these corrections are only logarithmically divergent and hence do not affect the naturalness of the theory.

Analysis of drop formation at conical tips : 1. Theory

The phenomenon of drop formation at conical tips under near zero flow conditions has been investigated using a theoretical approach. The analysis permits the prediction of drop profile and drop volume, until the onset of instability. A semiempirical approach based on the similarity of drop shapes has been adopted to predict the detaching drop volumes at conical tips. The effects of base diameter of the cone, cone angle, interfacial tension, and the densities of the drop and the surrounding fluid on the maximum and detached drop volumes are predicted.

On anomalous U(1) gauge theory in four dimensions

We discuss the consistency, unitarity and Lorentz invariance of an anomalous U(1) gauge theory in four dimensions. Our analysis is based on an effective low-energy action valid in the chiral symmetry broken phase. The allegedly bad properties of anomalous theories (except non-renormalizability) are examined. It is shown that, in the low-energy context, the theory can be consistently and unitarily quantised, and is formally Lorentz covariant.

Structure of a peptide oxazolone: 2-(1'-benzyloxycarbonylamino-1'-methylethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-5-oxazolone

C16H20N204, monoclinic, P21, a = 6.270 (1),b= 11.119(3),c= ll.640(4)A, fl= 100.7 (2)°,Dm = 1-27 (flotation), Dc = 1-26 Mg m -3, Z = 2. The structure has been refined to a final R value of 0.041 for 1584 independent counter-measured reflections. The oxazolone ring in the molecule is nearly planar. The exocyclic O atom is 0.065 A out of the plane defined by the other four atoms in the ring belonging to the lactone group. The difference in length between the two adjacent C-O bonds in the ring is small, but significant. The crystal structure is stabilized by van der Waals interactions and a N--H... N hydrogen bond.

Annealing Behavior of Isotactic Polybutene-1

The annealing behavior of isotactic polybutene-1 (PB-1) has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle x-ray diffraction. On annealing at 110°C, PB-1 yields thick crystals melting at -140°C which are mainly of Form I. An increase in the heat of fusion (ΔHf) and crystallinity is found for annealing times up to 12 h at 110°C; at longer times these properties decrease with increasing annealing time. The increases in ΔHf and crystallinity are attributed to increases in the lamellar thickness in the chain direction and in crystal perfection, and subsequent decreases to degradation of the polymer.

Structure of (4S)-2,4-dimethyl-1,2-dihydropyrazino[2,1-b]quinazoline-3(4H),6-dione

C13HI3N302, orthorhombic, P2~2121, a = 17.443 (5), b = 11.650 (4), c = 5.784 (1)/~, Z = 4, d m = 1.456, d c = 1.429 Mg m -3, F(000) = 512, g(Cu Ka) = 0.843 mm-L The R index is 0.040 for 1358 significant reflections. The structure is stabilized by C-H...O interactions. The N-methylated eis peptide group which forms part of a six-membered ring is non-planar. The torsion angle about the peptide bond is -6.1 (4) ° and the peptide bond length is 1.337 (3) A.

Direct estimation of an element of order matrix from H-1 NMR spectra of strongly dipolar coupled spins

NMR spectra of molecules oriented in thermotropic liquid crystalline media provide information on the molecular structure and order. The spins are generally strongly dipolar coupled and the spectral analyse require the tedious and time consuming numerical iterative calculations. The present study demonstrates the application of multiple quantum spin state selective detection of single quantum transitions for mimicking the homonuclear decoupling and the direct estimation of an element of ordering matrix. This information is utilized to estimate the nearly accurate starting dipolar couplings for iterative calculations. The studies on the spectra of strongly dipolar coupled five and six interacting spin systems are reported.

Cr3+ electron paramagnetic resonance study of Sn(1-x)CrxO(2) (0.00 <= x <= 0.10)

This paper reports on the liquid-helium-temperature (5 K) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of Cr3+ ions in the nanoparticles of SnO2 synthesized at 600 degrees C with concentrations of 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 5.0%, and 10%. Each spectrum may be simulated as overlap of spectra due to four magnetically inequivalent Cr3+ centers characterized by different values of the spin-Hamiltonian parameters. Three of these centers belong to Cr3+ ions in orthorhombic sites, situated near oxygen vacancies, characterized by very large zero-field splitting parameters D and E, presumably due to the presence of nanoparticles in the samples. The fourth EPR spectrum belongs to the Cr3+ ions situated at sites with tetragonal symmetry, substituting for the Sn4+ ion, characterized by a very small value of D. In addition, there appears a ferromagnetic resonance line due to oxygen defects for samples with Cr3+ concentrations of <= 2.5%. Further, in samples with Cr3+ concentrations of >2.5%, there appears an intense and wide EPR line due to the interactions among the Cr3+ ions in the clusters formed due to rather excessive doping; the intensity and width of this line increase with increasing concentration. The Cr3+ EPR spectra observed in these nanopowders very different from those in bulk SnO2 crystals.