Reduced Look Ahead Orthogonal Matching Pursuit

Compressed Sensing (CS) is an elegant technique to acquire signals and reconstruct them efficiently by solving a system of under-determined linear equations. The excitement in this field stems from the fact that we can sample at a rate way below the Nyquist rate and still reconstruct the signal provided some conditions are met. Some of the popular greedy reconstruction algorithms are the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP), the Subspace Pursuit (SP) and the Look Ahead Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (LAOMP). The LAOMP performs better than the OMP. However, when compared to the SP and the OMP, the computational complexity of LAOMP is higher. We introduce a modified version of the LAOMP termed as Reduced Look Ahead Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (Reduced LAOMP). Reduced LAOMP uses prior information from the results of the OMP and the SP in the quest to speedup the look ahead strategy in the LAOMP. Monte Carlo simulations of this algorithm deliver promising results.

Novel architecture for anomalous strengthening of a particulate filled polymer matrix composite

We propose an architecture for dramatically enhancing the stress bearing and energy absorption capacities of a polymer based composite. Different weight fractions of iron oxide nano-particles (NPs) are mixed in a poly(dimethylesiloxane) (PDMS) matrix either uniformly or into several vertically aligned cylindrical pillars. These composites are compressed up to a strain of 60% at a strain rate of 0.01 s(-1) following which they are fully unloaded at the same rate. Load bearing and energy absorption capacities of the composite with uniform distribution of NPs increase by similar to 50% upon addition of 5 wt% of NPs; however, these properties monotonically decrease with further addition of NPs so much so that the load bearing capacity of the composite becomes 1/6th of PDMS upon addition of 20 wt% of NPs. On the contrary, stress at a strain of 60% and energy absorption capacity of the composites with pillar configuration monotonically increase with the weight fraction of NPs in the pillars wherein the load bearing capacity becomes 1.5 times of PDMS when the pillars consisted of 20 wt% of NPs. In situ mechanical testing of composites with pillars reveals outward bending of the pillars wherein the pillars and the PDMS in between two pillars, located along a radius, are significantly compressed. Reasoning based on effects of compressive hydrostatic stress and shape of fillers is developed to explain the observed anomalous strengthening of the composite with pillar architecture.

Minimization Problems Based on Relative alpha-Entropy I: Forward Projection

Minimization problems with respect to a one-parameter family of generalized relative entropies are studied. These relative entropies, which we term relative alpha-entropies (denoted I-alpha), arise as redundancies under mismatched compression when cumulants of compressed lengths are considered instead of expected compressed lengths. These parametric relative entropies are a generalization of the usual relative entropy (Kullback-Leibler divergence). Just like relative entropy, these relative alpha-entropies behave like squared Euclidean distance and satisfy the Pythagorean property. Minimizers of these relative alpha-entropies on closed and convex sets are shown to exist. Such minimizations generalize the maximum Renyi or Tsallis entropy principle. The minimizing probability distribution (termed forward I-alpha-projection) for a linear family is shown to obey a power-law. Other results in connection with statistical inference, namely subspace transitivity and iterated projections, are also established. In a companion paper, a related minimization problem of interest in robust statistics that leads to a reverse I-alpha-projection is studied.

Influence of mode of deformation on microstructural heterogeneities in Ni subjected to large strain deformation

In the present work, the effect of deformation mode (uniaxial compression, rolling and torsion) on the microstructural heterogeneities in a commercial purity Ni is reported. For a given equivalent von Mises strain, samples subjected to torsion have shown higher fraction of high-angle boundaries, kernel average misorientation and recrystallization nuclei when compared to uniaxially compressed and rolled samples. This is attributed to the differences in the slip system activity under different modes of deformation.

Molecular Mechanism Underlying ATP-Induced Conformational Changes in the Nucleoprotein Filament of Mycobacterium smegmatis RecA

RecA plays a central role in bacterial DNA repair, homologous recombination, and restoration of stalled replication forks by virtue of its active extended nucleoprotein filament. Binding of ATP and its subsequent recognition by the carboxamide group of a highly conserved glutamine (GIn196 in MsRecA) have been implicated in the formation of active RecA nucleoprotein filaments. Although the mechanism of ATP-dependent structural transitions in RecA has been proposed on the basis of low-resolution electron microscopic reconstructions, the precise sequence of events that constitute these transitions is poorly understood. On the basis of biochemical and crystallographic analyses of MsRecA variants carrying mutations in highly conserved Gln196 and Arg198 residues, we propose that the disposition of the interprotomer interface is the structural basis of allosteric activation of RecA. Furthermore, this study accounts, for the contributions of several conserved amino acids to ATP hydrolysis and to the transition from collapsed to extended filament forms in Mycobacterium smegmatis RecA (MsRecA). In addition to their role in the inactive compressed state, the study reveals a role for GIn196 and Arg198 along with Phe219 in ATP hydrolysis in the active extended nucleoprotein filament. Finally, our data suggest that the primary, but not secondary, nucleotide binding site in MsRecA isomerizes into the ATP binding site present in the extended nucleoprotein filament.