Auger studies of transition metal oxides

Intra-atomic Auger transitions involving metal energy levels are found to be useful in studying the surface oxidation state as well as the oxidation of metals. Transition Metal oxides also exhibit interatomic Auger transitions, the intensities of which depend on the occupation of the metal d level. The probability of the interatomic transition is therefore highest in oxides where the metal has the d' configuration. The competition between intra-atomic and interatomic Auger transitions in oxides will be discussed as also the use of the interatomic transitions in the study of metal oxidation.

NMR studies of phase transition in ammonium hydrogen bischloroacetate, NH4H(CH2ClCOOO)2

Proton second moment (M2) and spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of Ammonium Hydrogen Bischloroacetate (ABCA) have been measured in the range 77-350 K. A value of 6.5 G2 has been observed for the second moment at room temperature, which is typical of NH4+ reorientation and also a second moment transition in the range 170-145 K indicates the freezing of NH4+ motion. The NMR signal disappears dicontinuously at 128 K. Proton spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) Vs temperature, yielded only one sharp miniumum of 1.9 msec which is again typical of NH4+ reorientation. A slope change at 250 K is also observed, prbably due to CH2 motion. Further, the FID signal disappears at 128 K. Thus the Tc appears to be 128 K (of two reported values 120 K and 128 K). Activation energies have been calculated and the mechanism of the phase transition is discussed.

A Novel Structural Transition In Poly(Dg-Me5dc) - Z Reversible B Reversible Z

Poly(dG-Me5dC) is known to exhibit a B→Z transition in the presence of very high concentrations of NaCl. For the first time, we report the presence of a Z-structure in sodium concentrations as low as 0.5 mM. A novel Z B Z transition is observed as the salt concentration is gradually increased. The role of water structure in B to Z transitions is discussed.

Interatomic Auger transitions in transition-metal oxides

Interatomic L3(M)M23(M)V(O) and L3(M)V(O)V(O) Auger transitions of some transition-metal oxides are reported for the first time. The interatomic mode of decay becomes progressively more dominant (relative to the intra-atomic mode) as the metal d level gets depleted or as the oxidation state of the metal increases. The usefulness of interatomic Auger transitions in studying oxidation of metals has been examined.

Adsorption of CO and N2 on modified transition-metal surfaces

Electron spectroscopic studies clearly demonstrate that modification of the surfaces of Mn, Fe and Ni metals by chlorine significantly decreases the strength of interaction between the metal and adsorbed molecules such as CO and N2. This is in contrast to the effect of electropositive additives such as Ba and Al which increase the adsorption bond strength significantly.

Metal Auger intensity ratios as a probe for change-transfer effects in aluminum-covered transition metal

Marked changes in the LVV/LMV and LVV/LMM Auger intensity ratios of Co, Ni and Cu are observed on depositing Al on their surfaces. These changes, ascribed to charge-transfer or hybridization effects, are accompanied by changes in the intensity of the satellites next to the core levels of the transition metals.

Glass-Transition In Isopentane - A Monte-Carlo Study

Monte Carlo simulations with realistic interaction potentials have been carried out on isopentane to investigate the glass transition. Intermolecular pair-correlation functions of the glass show distinct differences from those of the liquid, the CH-CH pair-correlation function being uniquely different from the other pair-correlation functions. The coordination number of the glass is higher than that of the liquid, and the packing in the glass seems to be mainly governed by the geometrical constraints of the molecule. Annealing affects the properties of the glass significantly.

Sol → gel transition with rings in a finite polycondensing system in solution

We report a theoretical formulation for the mean cluster size distribution in a finite polycondensing system. Expressions for the mean number of n-mers with j bonds ( nj) are developed. Numerical calculations show that while the non-cyclic molecules make the dominant contribution to the small clusters, the large clusters are dominated by cyclic structures. The number of particles in ringless chains, n n,n-1, decays monotonically with n at all extents of reaction, but n n becomes bimodal near the gel point. We also find that the solvent plays an important role in the cluster size distribution.

Mixed valency in the high-temperature phases of transition metal molybdates,AMoO4 (A=Fe, Co, Ni)

Transition metal molybdates of the formulaAMoO4 whereA=Fe, Co or Ni exhibit a first-order phase transition between 670K–970K. An investigation of the lowtemperature (lt) and high-temperature (ht) phases by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility and other physical methods shows that the phase transition is associated with a valence change of the typeA 2++Mo6+αA 3++Mo5+ in the cases of iron and cobalt molybdates.

Magnetic susceptibility studies of lead oxyhalide glasses containing transition metal oxides

Magnetic susceptibility studies of lead oxyhalide glasses containing high concentrations of transition metal oxides such as MnO and Fe2O3 have been performed. While they exhibit predominantly antiferromagnetic interactions, the low temperature (<100K) region is dominated by paramagnetic contributions. The behaviour in these glasses is found to be similar to that of covalent oxide glasses and is different from that of purely ionic sulphate glasses.

Sequence dependence and role of 5'-phosphate in the B to Z transition

Spectroscopic studies on pd(CG)3 and pd(GC)3 have been carried out to elucidate the sequence dependence and effect of free 5'-phosphate on the B to Z transition. Unlike d(CG)3, pd(CG)3 fails to undergo salt-induced B to Z transition at ambient temperature. Model building studies have been carried out to determine the inhibitory role of the 5'-phosphate group, but have been unsuccessful.