Plant latex mediated green synthesis of ZnAl2O4:Dy3+ (1-9 mol%) nanophosphor for white light generation

ZnAl2O4:Dy3+ (1-9 mol%) nanophosphors were synthesized by a simple, cost effective and environmental friendly route using Euphorbia tirucalli plant latex. The structural properties and morphological features of the phosphors were well studied by PXRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM measurements. The luminescent properties of ZnAl2O4:Dy3+ (1-9 mol%) nanophosphors were investigated from the excitation and emission spectra. The phosphor performance was evaluated by color co-ordinates. The values were well located in the near white region as a result it was highly useful for the fabrication of green component in WLEDs. The average particle size was found to be similar to 9-18 nm and same was confirmed by TEM and Scherrer's method. The highest photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) intensity was obtained to be similar to 7 mol% Dy3+ concentration. A single TL glow peak was recorded at 172 degrees C at a warming rate of 2.5 degrees Cs (1). The intensity at 172 degrees C peak increases linearly up to 1 kGy and after that it diminishes. PL intensity was studied with different plant latex concentration (2-8 ml) and highest PL intensity was recorded for similar to 8 ml. The optimized phosphor showed good reusability, low fading and wide range of linearity with gamma-dose hence the phosphor was quite useful in radiation dosimetry. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Efficient visible light photocatalytic activity and enhanced stability of BiOBr/Cd(OH)(2) heterostructures

Novel BioBr/Cd(OH)(2) heterostructures were synthesized by a facile chemical bath method under ambient conditions. A series of BiOBr/Cd(OH)(2) heterostructures were obtained by tuning the Bi/Cd molar ratios. The obtained heterostructures were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Optical properties were studied by UV-visible spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). Photocatalytic studies on rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation showed that the heterostructures are very efficient photocatalysts in mild basic medium. Scavenger test studies confirmed that the photogenerated holes and superoxide radicals (O-2(center dot-)) are the main active species responsible for RhB degradation. Comparison of photoluminescence (PL) intensity suggested that an inhibited charge recombination is crucial for the degradation process over these photocatalysts. Moreover, relative positioning of the valence and conduction band edges of the semiconductors, O-2/O-2(center dot-) and (OH)-O-center dot/H2O redox potentials and HOMO-LUMO levels of RhB appear to be responsible for the hole-specificity of degradation. Photocatalytic recycling experiments indicated the high stability of the catalysts in the reaction medium without any significant loss of activity. This study hence concludes that the heterojunction constructed between Cd(OH)(2) and BiOBr interfaces play a crucial role in influencing the charge carrier dynamics and subsequent photocatalytic activity.

Ray tracing based path-length calculations for polarized light tomographic imaging

A ray tracing based path length calculation is investigated for polarized light transport in a pixel space. Tomographic imaging using polarized light transport is promising for applications in optical projection tomography of small animal imaging and turbid media with low scattering. Polarized light transport through a medium can have complex effects due to interactions such as optical rotation of linearly polarized light, birefringence, diattenuation and interior refraction. Here we investigate the effects of refraction of polarized light in a non-scattering medium. This step is used to obtain the initial absorption estimate. This estimate can be used as prior in Monte Carlo (MC) program that simulates the transport of polarized light through a scattering medium to assist in faster convergence of the final estimate. The reflectance for p-polarized (parallel) and s-polarized (perpendicular) are different and hence there is a difference in the intensities that reach the detector end. The algorithm computes the length of the ray in each pixel along the refracted path and this is used to build the weight matrix. This weight matrix with corrected ray path length and the resultant intensity reaching the detector for each ray is used in the algebraic reconstruction (ART) method. The proposed method is tested with numerical phantoms for various noise levels. The refraction errors due to regions of different refractive index are discussed, the difference in intensities with polarization is considered. The improvements in reconstruction using the correction so applied is presented. This is achieved by tracking the path of the ray as well as the intensity of the ray as it traverses through the medium.