Emergent Intelligence Based QoS Routing in MANET

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are self-organized, infrastructureless, decentralized wireless networks consist of a group of heterogeneous mobile devices. Due to the inherent characteristics of MANE -Ts, such as frequent change of topology, nodes mobility, resource scarcity, lack of central control, etc., makes QoS routing is the hardest task. QoS routing is the task of routing data packets from source to destination depending upon the QoS resource constraints, such as bandwidth, delay, packet loss rate, cost, etc. In this paper, we proposed a novel scheme of providing QoS routing in MANETs by using Emergent Intelligence (El). The El is a group intelligence, which is derived from the periodical interaction among a group of agents and nodes. We logically divide MANET into clusters by centrally located static agent, and in each cluster a mobile agent is deployed. The mobile agent interacts with the nodes, neighboring mobile agents and static agent for collection of QoS resource information, negotiations, finding secure and reliable nodes and finding an optimal QoS path from source to destination. Simulation and analytical results show that the effectiveness of the scheme. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.ore/licenscs/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs

DTM AT 25: ESSAYS ON THEMES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

This paper describes the development and evolution of research themes in the Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) conference. Essays containing reflections on the history of DTM, supported by an analysis of session titles and papers winning the ``best paper award'', describe the development of the research themes. A second set of essays describes the evolution of several key research themes. Two broad trends in research themes are evident, with a third one emerging. The topics of the papers in the first decade or so reflect an underlying aim to apply artificial intelligence toward developing systems that could `design'. To do so required understanding how human designers behave, formalizing design processes so that they could be computed, and formalizing representations of design knowledge. The themes in the first DTM conference and the recollections of the DTM founders reflect this underlying aim. The second decade of DTM saw the emergence of product development as an underlying concern and included a growth in a systems view of design. More recently, there appears to be a trend toward design-led innovation, which entails both executing the design process more efficiently and understanding the characteristics of market-leading designs so as to produce engineered products and systems of exceptional levels of quality and customer satisfaction.

Red-emitting LaOF:Eu3+ phosphors: Synthesis, structure and their Judd-Ofelt analysis for LED applications

In the present study, we have synthesized a series of La1-xEuxOF (0.01 <= x <= 0.09) phosphors by the conventional solid-state reaction route at relatively low temperature (500 degrees C) and shorter duration of 2 h. The compounds were crystallized in the rhombohedral structure with the space group R-3m (No. 166). Upon UV excitation (254 nm), the photoluminescence spectra exhibit characteristic luminescence D-5(0) -> F-7(J) (J= 1, 2, 3, and 4) intra-4f shell Eu3+ ion transitions. An intense red emission peak at 610 nm was observed due to electric dipole (D-5(0) -> F-7(2)) transition. Judd-Ofelt theory was employed to evaluate various radiative parameters such as radiative emission rates, lifetime, branching and asymmetry ratios. CIE color coordinates confirmed the red emission of the phosphors. The luminescent results reveal that LaOF:Eu3+ phosphor can be used as potential candidate for developing red component in white LED applications. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.