"Central Atoms" models for ternary silicate and alumino-silicate melts

The �Central Atoms� model presented by the authors in an earlier paper is extended to ternary silicate and alumino-silicate melts. The model is applied to the CaO-FeO-SiO2 and the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system. Use is made of the parameters from the relevant binaries only. The agreement between experimental and calculated isoactivity curves is good in all cases.

Novel Oxidation of Pyridoxal in Ternary Metal Complexes. An X-Ray Study of the Products

Attempts to prepare ternary metal complexes of pyridoxylidene-amino acid Schiff bases culminated in the oxidation of pyridoxal to pyridoxic acid or to its lactone and their complex formation, as evidenced from an X-ray study.

Ternary Barker codes

Certain ternary codes having good autocorrelation properties akin to Barker codes are described.

Ternary bismuth oxides Bi26â-xMxO40ay (M = Mg, Al, Co and Ni) related to α - Bi2O3

Reaction of Bi2O3 with MgO, NiO, Co3O4 and Al2O3 gives rise to the corresponding ternary bismuth oxides, Bi18Mg8O36, Bi18Ni8O36, Bi20Co6O39 and Bi24Al2O39. These oxides have the general formula Bi26�xMxO40�y and exhibit BCC structures related to α - Bi2O3. In the first three solids, the metal ions, M, replace bismuth randomly at the octahedral 24r sites (space group 123); in the last case, aluminium ions occupy the tetrahedral 2a sites, the phase being isostructural with Bi24Ge2O40. Starting from Bi2O3 and NiO, orthorhombic Bi2Ni2O5 has also been obtained.

Static RAM cell for ternary logic

A novel CMOS static RAM cell for ternary logic systems is described. This cell is based on the lambda diode. The operation of the cell has been simulated using the SPICE 2G program. The results of the simulation are given.

Ternary function and circuit design using ternary multiplexers

The recent trend towards minimizing the interconnections in large scale integration (LSI) circuits has led to intensive investigation in the development of ternary circuits and the improvement of their design. The ternary multiplexer is a convenient and useful logic module which can be used as a basic building block in the design of a ternary system. This paper discusses a systematic procedure for the simplification and realization of ternary functions using ternary multiplexers as building blocks. Both single level and multilevel multiplexing techniques are considered. The importance of the design procedure is highlighted by considering two specific applications, namely, the development of ternary adder/subtractor and TCD to ternary converter.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of unidirectionally solidified Al-Si-Ni ternary eutectic

Al-10.98 pct Si-4.9 pct Ni ternary eutectic alloy was unidirectionally solidified at growth rates from 1.39μm/sec to 6.95μm/sec. Binary Al-Ni and Al-Si eutectics prepared from the same purity metals were also solidified under similar conditions to characterize the growth conditions under the conditions of present study. NiAl3 phase appeared as fibers in the binary Al-Ni eutectic and silicon appeared as irregular plates in the binary Al-Si eutectic. However, in the ternary Al-Si-Ni eutectic alloy both NiAl3 and silicon phases appeared as irregular plates dispersed in α-Al phase, without any regular repctitive arrangement. The size and spacing of NiAl3 and Si platelets in cone shaped colonies decreased with an increase in the growth rate of the ternary eutectic. Examination of specimen quenched during unidirectional solidification indicated that the ternary eutectic grows with a non-planar interface with both Si and NiAl3 phases protruding into the liquid. It is concluded that it will be difficult to grow regular ternary eutectic structures even if only one phase has a high entropy of melting. The tensile strength and modulus of unidirectionally solidified Al-Si-Ni eutectic was lower than the chill cast alloys of the same composition, and decreased with a decrease in growth rate. Tensile modulus and strength of ternary Al-Si-Ni eutectic alloys was greater than binary Al-Si eutectic alloy under similar growth conditions, both in the chill cast and in unidirectionally solidified conditions.

New ternary copper(II) complexes of L-alanine and heterocyclic bases: DNA binding and oxidative DNA cleavage activity

Four new ternary copper(II) complexes of alpha-amino acid having polypyridyl bases of general formulation [Cu(L-ala)(B)(H2O)](X)(1-4), where L-ala is L-alanine, B is an N,N-donor heterocyclic base, viz. 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy, 1), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, 2) and 5,6-phenanthroline dione (dione, 3), dipyrido[3,2:2',3'-f] quinoxaline (dpq, 4), and X = ClO4-/NO3- are synthesized, characterized by various spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic methods. The complexes show a distorted square-pyramidal (4 + 1) CuN3O2 coordination geometry. The one-electron paramagnetic complexes (1-4) display a low energy d-d band near 600 nm in aqueous medium and show a quasi-reversible cyclic voltammetric response due to one-electron Cu(II)/Cu(I) reduction near - 100 mV (versus SCE) in DMF-0.1 M TBAP. Binding interactions of the complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were investigated by UV-Vis absorption titration, ethidium bromide displacement assay, viscometric titration experiment and DNA melting studies. All the complexes barring the complexes 1 and 3 are avid binder to the CT-DNA in the DNA minor groove giving an order: 4 > 2 >>>1, 3. The complexes 2 and 4 show appreciable chemical nuclease activity in the presence of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as a reducing agent. Hydroxyl radical was investigated to be the DNA cleavage active species. Control experiments in the presence of distamycin-A show primarily minor groove-binding propensity for the complexes 2 and 4 to the DNA.

X-ray crystal structure of a ternary copper(II) vitamin B6 complex, hydroxo(2,2'-bipyridyl)(pyridoxinato) copper(II) monohydrate. A rare example of monodentate coordination of copper(II) by the hydroxyl ion

A ternary metal complex involving Vitamin B6 with the formula [Cu(bipy)(pn) (OH)]H2O (bipy = 2,2'²-bipyridine, PN = anionic pyridoxine) has been synthesized and studied in the solid state by means of spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The geometry around copper(II) is distorted square pyramidal, two oxygens from phenolic and 4-(hydroxymethyl) groups of pn, two nitrogens from bipy and an axial OH- ion forming the coordination sphere. In this structure pn exists in a new anionic form with deprotonation of the phenolic group. The structure also provides a rare example of monodentate hydroxyl coordination to copper.

Dynamic viscosity of ternary mixtures of dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12), chlorodifluoromethane (R-22), and dichlorotetrafluoroethane (R-114) vapors

The viscosities of ternary mixtures of R-12, R-22, and R-114 vapors were determined at ambient temperature and pressure within +-1% by using an oscillating disk viscometer. The empirical viscosity obtained by Wllke's equation compares very well with the experimental results obtained with this vlscometer. In the case of this ternary vapor mixture, as long as the molar fraction ratio of R-12 to R-114 Is maintained at approximately 2"' (=Inverse ratio of thelr molecular weights) the viscosity of the ternary mixture at ambient temperature and pressure remalns constant irrespective of the percentage of R-22 present in the mixture.

Evidence of an intermediate phase in ternary Ge7Se93-xSbx glasses

The compositional dependence of thermal properties, such as glass transition temperature (T-g), non-reversing enthalpy change (Delta H-NR) and the specific heat capacity change (Delta C-p) of melt quenched Ge7Se93-xSbx (21 a parts per thousand currency sign x a parts per thousand currency sign 31) glasses, has been studied using alternating differential scanning calorimetry (ADSC) which is analogous to modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). The glass transition temperature, T-g, which is a measure of global connectivity of the glass, has been found to increase with the addition of Sb. In addition, a change in slope has been observed in the composition dependence of T-g at an average coordination aOE (c) r > = 2.40. The experimentally observed compositional variation of glass transition temperature, has been compared with the theoretical predictions from the stochastic agglomeration theory (SAT) and has been found to be consistent. Further, a narrow thermally reversing window is seen in the compositional variation of the relaxation enthalpy (Delta H-NR), which is centered around aOE (c) r > = 2.40. The change in specific heat capacity (Delta C-p) at T-g is also found to exhibit a distinct minima at aOE (c) r > = 2.40, suggesting that the structural rearrangements for the liquid in the glass transition region are minimized around aOE (c) r > = 2.4.

On the Structure of Contractible Edges in k-connected Partial k-trees

Contraction of an edge e merges its end points into a new single vertex, and each neighbor of one of the end points of e is a neighbor of the new vertex. An edge in a k-connected graph is contractible if its contraction does not result in a graph with lesser connectivity; otherwise the edge is called non-contractible. In this paper, we present results on the structure of contractible edges in k-trees and k-connected partial k-trees. Firstly, we show that an edge e in a k-tree is contractible if and only if e belongs to exactly one (k + 1) clique. We use this characterization to show that the graph formed by contractible edges is a 2-connected graph. We also show that there are at least |V(G)| + k - 2 contractible edges in a k-tree. Secondly, we show that if an edge e in a partial k-tree is contractible then e is contractible in any k-tree which contains the partial k-tree as an edge subgraph. We also construct a class of contraction critical 2k-connected partial 2k-trees.

Thermal anomalies in ternary Ge42-xPbxSe58 glasses near the charge carrier reversal threshold

The carrier type reversal (CTR) from p- to n-type in semiconducting chalcogenide glasses is an important and a long standing problem in glass science. Ge-Se glasses exhibit CTR when the metallic elements Bi and Pb are added. For example, bulk Ge42-xSe58Pbx glasses exhibit CTR around 8-9 at. % of Pb. These glasses have been prepared by melt quenching method. Glass transition temperature (T-g), Specific heat change between the liquid and the glassy states (Delta C-p) at T-g and the nonreversing heat flow (Delta H-nr) measured by modulated differential scanning calorimetry exhibit anomalies at 9 at. % of Pb. These observed anomalies are interpreted on the basis of the nano scale phase separation occurring in these glasses.

Mapping of fuelwood trees using geoinformatics

Rural population of India constitutes about 70% of the total population and traditional fuels account for 75% of the rural energy needs. Depletion of woodlands coupled with the persistent dependency on fuel wood has posed a serious problem for household energy provision in many parts. This study highlights that the traditional fuels still meet 85-95% of fuel needs in rural areas of Kolar district: people prefer fuel wood for cooking and agriculture residues for water heating and other purposes. However, rapid changes in land cover and land use in recent times have affected these traditional fuels availability necessitating inventorying, mapping and monitoring of bioresources for sustainable management of bioresources. Remote sensing data (Multispectal and Panchromatic), Geographic Information System (GIS), field surveys and non-destructive sampling were used to assess spatially the availability and demand of energy. Field surveys indicate that rural household depends on species such as Prosopis juliflora, Acacia nilotica, Acacia auriculiformis to meet fuel wood requirement for domestic activities. Hence, to take stock of fuel wood availability, mapping was done at species level (with 88% accuracy) considering villages as sampling units using fused multispectral and panchromatic data. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.