Synthesis, glucose uptake activity and structure-activity relationships of some novel glitazones incorporated with glycine, aromatic and alicyclic amine moieties via two carbon acyl linker

Three series of novel glitazones were designed and prepared by using appropriate synthetic schemes to incorporate glycine, aromatic and alicyclic amines via two carbon linker. Compounds were synthesized both under conventional and microwave methods. Nineteen out of twenty four synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro glucose uptake activity using isolated rat hemi-diaphragm. Compounds, 6, 9a, 13a, 13b, 13c, 13f and 13h exhibited significant glucose uptake activity. Illustration about their synthesis and in vitro glucose uptake activity is described along with the structure activity relationships. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Squeezed vacuum as an eigenstate of two-photon annihilation operator

We introduce the inverse annihilation and creation operators a-1 and a(dagger-1) by their actions on the number states. We show that the squeezed vacuum exp(1/2xia(dagger2)]\0] and squeezed first number state exp[1.2xia(dagger2)]\n = 1] are respectively the eigenstates of the operators (a(dagger-1)a) and (aa(dagger-1)) with the eigenvalue xi.

Symmetry-breaking transition in a two-level system coupled to an Ohmic bath: A squeezed-state approach

Displaced squeezed states are proposed as variational ground states for phonons (Bose fields) coupled to two-level systems (spin systems). We have investigated the zero-temperature phase diagram for the localization-delocalization transition of a tunneling particle interacting with an Ohmic heat bath. Our results are compared with known existing approximate treatments. A modified phase diagram using the displaced squeezed state is presented.

The exchange processes in o-vanillin salicyloylhydrazone as studied by two-dimensional NMR

Multidimensional NMR studies of o-vanillin salicyloylhydrazone at various temperatures have been undertaken in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide and its cryoprotective mixture in H2O and D2O, acetone and acetonitrile. The molecule is found to exist in two conformers in dimethyl sulfoxide and the cryoprotective mixture. The exchange between the two conformers has been detected from the two-dimensional experiments - information which is not easily obtainable from the normal one-dimensional spectra. Results in the different solvents are interpreted in terms of solvent-solute interactions.

Two-mode quantum systems: Invariant classification of squeezing transformations and squeezed states

A general analysis of squeezing transformations for two-mode systems is given based on the four-dimensional real symplectic group Sp(4, R). Within the framework of the unitary (metaplectic) representation of this group, a distinction between compact photon-number-conserving and noncompact photon-number-nonconserving squeezing transformations is made. We exploit the U(2) invariant squeezing criterion to divide the set of all squeezing transformations into a two-parameter family of distinct equivalence classes with representative elements chosen for each class. Familiar two-mode squeezing transformations in the literature are recognized in our framework and seen to form a set of measure zero. Examples of squeezed coherent and thermal states are worked out. The need to extend the heterodyne detection scheme to encompass all of U(2) is emphasized, and known experimental situations where all U(2) elements can be reproduced are briefly described.

Unsteady nonsimilar two-dimensional and axisymmetric water boundary layers with variable viscosity and prandtl number

The influence of temperature-dependent viscosity and Prandtl number on the unsteady laminar nonsimilar forced convection flow over two-dimensional and axisymmetric bodies has been examined where the unsteadiness and (or) nonsimilarity are (is) due to the free stream velocity, mass transfer, and transverse curvature. The partial differential equations governing the flow which involve three independent variables have been solved numerically using an implicit finite-difference scheme along with a quasilinearization technique. It is found that both the skin friction and heat transfer strongly respond to the unsteady free stream velocity distributions. The unsteadiness and injection cause the location of zero skin friction to move upstream. However, the effect of variable viscosity and Prandtl number is to move it downstream. The heat transfer is found to depend strongly on viscous dissipation, but the skin friction is little affected by it. In general, the results pertaining to variable fluid properties differ significantly, from those of constant fluid properties.

Application of scaled particle theory to alkyl-aryl surfactants: a two zone model of micellar core

Scaled Particle Theory (SPT) has been applied to predict the total free energies of micellization of ionic as well as nonionic micellar systems containing an aryl ring. A modification of the previously developed model has been made, proposing a two-zone model of micellar core which corroborates with the structural information available for such systems. The results are in good agreement with experimental data and also confirm the dictating role of cavity forming free energies for such systems

Origin of magnetism and trend in T-c in Cr-based double perovskites: Interplay of two driving mechanisms

Hamiltonian constructed in a first principles manner, we explored the origin of magnetism and the T-c trend in Cr-based double perovskite series, Sr2CrB'O-6 (B' = W/Re/Os). Our study shows that the apparently puzzling T-c trend in Sr2CrB'O-6 (B' = W/Re/Os) series can be understood in terms of the interplay of the hybridization driven mechanism and the superexchange mechanism.

Local polynomial convexity of the union of two totally-real surfaces at their intersection

We consider the following question: Let S (1) and S (2) be two smooth, totally-real surfaces in C-2 that contain the origin. If the union of their tangent planes is locally polynomially convex at the origin, then is S-1 boolean OR S-2 locally polynomially convex at the origin? If T (0) S (1) a (c) T (0) S (2) = {0}, then it is a folk result that the answer is yes. We discuss an obstruction to the presumed proof, and provide a different approach. When dim(R)(T0S1 boolean AND T0S2) = 1, we present a geometric condition under which no consistent answer to the above question exists. We then discuss conditions under which we can expect local polynomial convexity.

Line clipping revisited: Two efficient algorithms based on simple geometric observations

Two new line clipping algorithms, the opposite-corner algorithm and the perpendicular-distance algorithm, that are based on simple geometric observations are presented. These algorithms do not require computation of outcodes nor do they depend on the parametric representations of the lines. It is shown that the opposite-corner algorithm perform consistently better than an algorithm due to Nicholl, Lee, and Nicholl which is claimed to be better than the classic algorithm due to Cohen-Sutherland and the more recent Liang-Barsky algorithm. The pseudo-code of the opposite-corner algorithm is provided in the Appendix.

A transfer matrix approach for evaluation of the response of a multi-layer infinite plate to a two-dimensional pressure excitation

A 6 X 6 transfer matrix is presented to evaluate the response of a multi-layer infinite plate to a given two-dimensional pressure excitation on one of its faces or, alternatively, to evaluate the acoustic pressure distribution excited by the normal velocity components of the radiating surfaces. It is shown that the present transfer matrix is a general case embodying the transfer matrices of normal excitation and one-dimensional pressure excitation due to an oblique incident wave. It is also shown that the present transfer matrix obeys the necessary checks to categorize the physically symmetric multi-layer plate as dynamically symmetric. Expressions are derived to obtain the wave propagation parameters, such as the transmission, absorption and reflection coefficients, in terms of the elements of the transfer matrix presented. Numerical results for transmission loss and reflection coefficients of a two-layer configuration are presented to illustrate the effect of angles of incidence, layer characteristics and ambient media.

Boson Inverse Operators and a New Family of Two-photon Annihilation Operators

We introduce the inverse of the Hermitian operator (acircacirc†) and express the Boson inverse operators acirc-1 and acirc†-1 in terms of the operators acirc, acirc† and (acircacirc†)-1. We show that these Boson inverse operators may be realized by Susskind-Glogower phase operators. In this way, we find a new two-photon annihilation operator and denote it as acirc2(acircacirc†)-1. We show that the eigenstates of this operator have interesting non-classical properties. We find that the eigenstates of the operators (acircacirc†)-1 acirc2, acirc(acircacirc†)-1 acirc and acirc2(acircacirc†)-1 have many similar properties and thus they constitute a family of two-photon annihilation operators.

Nonlinear static and dynamic damped response of a composite rectangular plate resting on a two-parameter elastic foundation

Nonlinear static and dynamic response analyses of a clamped. rectangular composite plate resting on a two-parameter elastic foundation have been studied using von Karman's relations. Incorporating the material damping, the governing coupled, nonlinear partial differential equations are obtained for the plate under step pressure pulse load excitation. These equations have been solved by a one-term solution and by applying Galerkin's technique to the deflection equation. This yields an ordinary nonlinear differential equation in time. The nonlinear static solution is obtained by neglecting the time-dependent variables. Thc nonlinear dynamic damped response is obtained by applying the ultraspherical polynomial approximation (UPA) technique. The influences of foundation modulus, shear modulus, orthotropy, etc. upon the nonlinear static and dynamic responses have been presented.