Electrooxidation of formic acid at platinum nanoclusters electrodeposited on PEDOT coated carbon paper electrode

Nanoclusters of Pt were electrochemically deposited on a conducting polymer, namely, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), which was also electrochemically deposited on carbon paper current collector. PEDOT facilitated uniform distribution of Pt nanoclusters, when compared with Pt electrodeposition on bare carbon paper substrate. Spectroscopy data indicated absence of any interaction between PEDOT and Pt. The electrochemically active surface area as measured from carbon monoxide adsorption followed by its oxidation was several times greater for Pt-PEDOT/C electrode in comparison with Pt/C electrode. The catalytic activity of Pt-PEDOT/C electrode for electrooxidation of formic acid was significantly greater than that of Pt/C electrode. Amperometry data suggested that the electrodes were stable for continuous oxidation of HCOOH.

Combined Raman and infrared investigation of the insulator-to-metal transition in NiS(2-x)Se(x) compounds

Ambient-condition Raman spectra were collected in the strongly correlated NiS(1-x)Se(x) pyrite (0 <= x <= 1.2). Two samples (x = 0 and x = 0.55) were studied as a function of pressure up to 10 GPa, and for the x = 0.55 sample the pressure dependence of the infrared reflectivity was also measured (0-10 GPa). This gave a complete picture of the optical response of that system on approaching the metallic state both by application of pressure and/or by Se alloying, which corresponds to a volume expansion. A peculiar nonmonotonic (V-shaped) volume dependence was found for the quasiparticle spectral weight of both pure and Se-doped compounds. In the x = 0.55 sample the vibrational frequencies of the chalcogen dimer show an anomalous volume dependence on entering the metallic phase. The abrupt softening observed, particularly significant for the Se-Se pair, indicates the relevant role of the softness of the Se-Se bond as previously suggested by theoretical calculations.

Electrochemical oxidation of boron containing compounds on titanium carbide and its implications to direct fuel cells

Electrochemical oxidation of sodium borohydride (NaBH(4)) and ammonia borane (NH(3)BH(3)) (AB) have been studied on titanium carbide electrode. The oxidation is followed by using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and polarization measurements. A fuel cell with TiC as anode and 40 wt% Pt/C as cathode is constructed and the polarization behaviour is studied with NaBH(4) as anodic fuel and hydrogen peroxide as catholyte. A maximum power density of 65 mW cm(-2) at a load current density of 83 mA cm(-2) is obtained at 343 K in the case of borhydride-based fuel cell and a value of 85 mW cm(-2) at 105 mA cm(-2) is obtained in the case of AB-based fuel cell at 353 K. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Utilizing Model Nanostructured Porous Inorganic Compounds Such as Silica to Beneficially Confine “Bio”-Relevant Molecules and Demonstrate their Potential in Therapeutics

Abstract | The importance of well-defined inorganic porous nanostructured materials in the context of biotechnological applications such as drug delivery and biomolecular sensing is reviewed here in detail. Under optimized conditions, the confinement of “bio”-relevant molecules such as pharmaceutical drugs, enzymes or proteins inside such inorganic nanostructures may be remarkably beneficial leading to enhanced molecular stability, activity and performance. From the point of view of basic research, molecular confinement inside nanostructures poses several formidable and intriguing problems of statistical mechanics at the mesoscopic scale. The theoretical comprehension of such non-trivial issues will not only aid in the interpretation of observed phenomena but also help in designing better inorganic nanostructured materials for biotechnological applications.

Photocytotoxic organometallic compounds

Organometallic compounds have recently found applications in medicinal chemistry and as diagnostic tools in chemical biology. Naturally occurring biomolecules, viz., cobalamine, NiFe hydrogenase, Acetyl-CoA synthase, etc., also contain metal-carbon bonds. Among organometallic compounds having medicinal importance, (arene)ruthenium complexes, radioactive technetium complexes and ferrocene conjugates are notable ones. Applications of photoactive organometallic complexes or metal complexes conjugated with an organometallic moiety are of recent origin. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising method to treat cancer cells in presence of light. This review primarily focuses on different aspects of the chemistry of organometallic complexes showing photocytotoxic activities. Half-sandwich tungsten, iron or ruthenium complexes are known to show photonuclease and/or photo-crosslinking activity. Photoinduced organometallic CO releasing molecules also exert photocytotoxic activity. Attempts have been made in this review to highlight the photocytotoxic behavior of various metal complexes when conjugated with a photoactive organometallic moiety, viz., ferrocene.

Estimation of vapour pressure and partial pressure of subliming compounds by low-pressure thermogravimetry

A method for the estimation of vapour pressure and partial pressure of subliming compounds under reduced pressure, using rising temperature thermogravimetry, is described in this paper. The method is based on our recently developed procedure to estimate the vapour pressure from ambient pressure thermogravimetric data using Langmuir equation. Using benzoic acid as the calibration standard, vapour pressure temperature curves are calculated at 80, 160 and 1000 mbar for salicylic acid and vanadyl bis-2,4-pentanedionate, a precursor used for chemical vapour deposition of vanadium oxides. Using a modification of the Langmuir equation, the partial pressure of these materials at different total pressures is also determined as a function of temperature. Such data can be useful for the deposition of multi-metal oxide thin films or doped thin films by chemical vapour deposition (CVD).

Reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to amines using zinc and aqueous chelating ethers: Mild and efficient method for zinc activation

A mild, environmentally friendly method for reduction of aromatic nitro group to amine is reported, using zinc powder in aqueous solutions of chelating ethers. The donor ether acts as a ligand and also serves as a co-solvent. Water is the proton source. This procedure is also a new method for the activation of zinc for electron transfer reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. The reduction is accomplished in a neutral medium and other reducing groups remained unaffected. The ethers used are dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, ethoxymethoxyethane, dimethoxymethane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, and diglyme.

Self-Assembly of an Octanuclear Platinum(II) Tetragonal Prism from a New Pt-4(II) Organometallic Star-Shaped Acceptor and Its Nitroaromatic Sensing Study

2 + 4] self-assembly of a pyrene-functionalized Pt-8(II) tetragonal prism (2) is achieved using a newly designed star-shaped organometallic acceptor (1) in combination with an amide-based ``clip'' donor (L). The propensity of this prism (2) as a selective sensor for nitroaromatics (2,4-dinitrotoluene, 1,3,5-trinitrotoluene, and picric acid), which are the chemical constituents of many commercial explosives, has been examined.