Synthesis of neoglycopeptides and analyses of their biodistributionin vivo to identify tissue specific uptake and novel putative membrane lectins

Complex typeN-linked oligosaccharides derived from fetuin, fibrinogen and thyroglobulin were coupled to acetyltyrosine affording a series of neoglycopeptides with retention of terminal structures and the beta-anomeric configuration of their reducing endN-acetylglycosamine residue. The neoglycopeptides thus synthesized could be labelled to high specific activities with125I in the aromatic side chain of tyrosine. Analysis of the fate of these neoglycopeptides in conjunction with inhibition with asialofetuin and oligosaccharides of defined structure in micein vivo revealed the uptake of galactosylated biantennary compound by kidneys, in addition to the known itinerary of triantennary galactosylated complex oligosaccharide from fetuin to liver and the galactosylated biantennary chain with fucosylation in the core to bone marrows. On the other hand, the agalacto, aglucosamino biantennary chains with and without fucosylation in the core region are taken up by submaxillary glands while the conserved trimannosyl core with fucose is primarily concentrated in stomach tissue. These studies thus define new routes for the uptake of complexN-linked glycans and also subserve to identify lectins presumably involved in their recognition.

Studies on the biosynthesis of β-n-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid, the Lathyrus sativus neurotoxin

The biosynthesis of β-N-oxalyl-l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (ODAP), HOOC· CO·NH·CH2·CH(NH2·COOH is of interest, since this neurotoxin has been isolated from the seeds of Lathyrus sativus, the consumption of which causes the disease neurolathyrism in humans. The concentration of this non-protein amino acid in the seeds increases on germination. When the seeds are germinated in the presence of [14C2]- oxalic acid, the isolated ODAP is labelled exclusively in the oxalyl moiety. An oxalyl- CoA synthetase requiring the obligatory presence of ATP, CoA and Mg2+ can be demonstrated in crude extracts of the seedlings. When l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid is incubated with the enzyme in the presence of the components for oxalyl activation, net formation of ODAP can be shown. The enzymic reaction is specific to the β-amino group of l-α,β-diaminopropionic acidm and the higher homologues like α,γ-diaminobutyric acid, ornithine and lysine are inactive in this system. ODAP is not formed with α,β-diaminopropionic acid when the enzyme extract is prepared from Pisum sativum although oxalyl-CoA formation can be demonstrated.

Effect of impulsive change of wall velocity and wall temperature in viscous heat-conducting gas

A study of compression waves produced in a viscous heat-conducting gas by the impulsive start of a one-dimensional piston and by the inpulsive change of piston wall temperature is made using Laplace Transform Technique for Prandt1 number unity. Expressions for velocity, temperature and density have also been obtained using small-time expansion procedure in this case. For arbitrary Prandt1 number solutions have been developed using large-time expansion procedure. A number of graphs exhibiting the distribution of the fluid velocity, temperature and density have been drawn.

Harmonic and anharmonic oscillations of a cylindrical plasma in the presence of a uniform axial magnetic field and a steady axial current

In the present note we have studied the harmonic and anharmonic oscillations of cylindrical plasma using Lagrangian formalism. In order to study the harmonic oscillations, the equations are linearized and the resulting equation for the displacement has been numerically solved. For situations present in thermonuclear reactors, the presence of axial magnetic field is found necessary to make the periods of oscillation to become comparable with the time required for the thermonuclear reactions to set in. A detailed analysis of the anharmonic oscillations reveals that the significant interaction is between the first and the second mode. The fundamental period of anharmonic oscillation is more than the corresponding period of harmonic oscillations by 9·2%. Graphs have been drawn for the amplitudes of relative variations in density and magnetic field and of the time-varying part of anharmonic oscillation.

Vibration of simply-supported trapezoidal plates I. Symmetric trapezoids

A detailed investigation of the natural frequencies and mode shapes of simply supported symmetric trapezoidal plates is undertaken in this paper. For numerical calculations, the relationship that exists between the eigenvalue problem of a polygonal simply supported plate and the eigenvalue problem of polygonal membrane of the same shape is utilized with advantage. The deflection surface is expressed in terms of a Fourier sine series in transformed coordinates and the Galerkin method is used. Results are presented in the form of tables and graphs. Several features like the crossing of frequency curves and the metamorphosis of some of the nodal patterns are observed. By a suitable interpretation of the modes of those symmetric trapezoidal plates which have the median as the nodal line, the results for some of the modes of unsymmetrical trapezoidal plates are also deduced.

On compressible boundary layer on a flat plate with uniform suction

A quartic profile in terms of the normal distance from the wall has been taken and coefficients are evaluated by satisfying one more boundary condition on the wall than the usual one. By doing so, the limitations about the Reynolds number of the quartic profile adopted by Lew (1949) has been removed. The Kármán (1921) Momentum Integral Equation has been used to evaluate the various characteristics of the flow. A comparative study of Lew's quartic profile and exponential profile together with the quartic profile of the present paper has been undertaken and the graphs for the various characteristics of the flow for a number of Mach numbers and suction coefficients have been drawn. At the end, certain conclusions of general nature about the velocity profiles have been recorded.

Incremental attribute evaluation through recursive procedures

Incremental semantic analysis in a programming environment based on Attribute Grammars is performed by an Incremental Attribute Evaluator (IAE). Current IAEs are either table-driven or make extensive use of graph structures to schedule reevaluation of attributes. A method of compiling an Ordered Attribute Grammar into mutually recursive procedures is proposed. These procedures form an optimal time Incremental Attribute Evaluator for the attribute grammar, which does not require any graphs or tables.