Vanhustenhuolto + living lab = mahdollinen yhtälö?

Työ on laajaan dokumenttiaineistoon, haastatteluihin ja havaintoihin perustuva living lab - tyyppisen tuotekehitysprosessin yksityiskohtainen kuvaus. Hankehistoriallisessa tapaustutkimuksessa on käytetty historiantutkimuksen menetelmiä. Vanhustenkeskuksessa toteutetun living lab -hankkeen lopputuloksena syntyi vanhusten liikkeitä monitoroiva hoitotyön apuväline: turvalattia. Living lab -tyyppisessä tuotekehittämisessä on keskeistä teknologian kehittäminen tuotteen todellisessa käyttöympäristössä siten, että käyttäjät osallistuvat aktiivisesti kehitystyön kaikkiin vaiheisiin. Tutkimuksessa hankkeen etenemistä ja turvalattiateknologian rakentumista tarkastellaan toimijaverkostoteorian ja yhteisöllisen oppimisen käsitteen tarjoamista näkökulmista. Tutkimuksessa kiinnitetään erityisesti huomiota siihen, minkälaisia intressejä teknologian kehittämiseen osallistuvilla ryhmillä on ja minkälaisia konflikteja näiden intressien pohjalta syntyy. Lisäksi tarkastelun keskiössä on käyttäjien ja tuotekehittäjien välinen oppiminen, jonka mahdollistaminen ja edistäminen on living lab -kehittämisen päämäärä. Tutkimuksen keskeinen johtopäätös on, että käyttäjiltä saatu palaute on välttämätöntä käyttökelpoisen sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon alan teknologian aikaansaamiseksi, ja turvalattian tapauksessa käyttäjäpalaute myös uudelleensuuntasi teknologisen järjestelmän innovaatioprosessia. Käyttäjien ja tuotekehittäjien yhteistyön myötä turvalattiaan kehitettiin joukko uusia toiminnallisuuksia ja käsitys tuotteen ydinominaisuuksista sekä hyötylupauksesta muuttuivat. Turvalattian tapaus osoittaa lisäksi yhteisöllisen oppimisen merkityksen innovaatioprosessissa sekä living lab -tyyppisen tuotekehittämisen potentiaalin näiden oppimisprosessien mahdollistajana ja kiihdyttäjänä. Tapaus myös valottaa sitä, kuinka monimutkainen toimintakenttä vanhustenhuolto on teknologian kehittämisen ja sen käyttöönoton näkökulmasta. Näyttäisi kuitenkin siltä, että living lab -metodologian avulla voidaan ylittää joitakin geronteknologian kehittämiseen ja myös käyttöönottoon liittyviä haasteita.

Selvitys käytäntölähtöisen innovaatioympäristötyökalun Fab Lab -konseptin soveltuvuudesta Etelä-Pohjanmaan innovaatioympäristön kehittämisen työvälineeksi

Tämän esiselvityshankkeen tavoitteena oli perehtyä Fab Lab -konseptiin ja selvittää ne reunaehdot, jotka määrittävät konseptin käyttökelpoisuutta Etelä-Pohjanmaalla ja suomalaisissa olosuhteissa yleisemmin. Etelä-Pohjanmaan voidaan olettaa olevan potentiaalinen konseptin hyödyntäjä, koska alueella on runsaasti sellaista maaseudun pienyrittäjyyttä, jonka on vaikea hyödyntää etäällä olevia teknologiapalveluja. Lisäksi arvioitiin konseptin mahdollisuudet yhdistää erilaisia innovaatiotoimijoita tavalla, joka voisi tukea Seinäjoki Science Park -yhteisön vuorovaikutusta ja täten toimia innovaatioita edistävänä kehitysalustana. Esiselvityksen tuloksena syntyi soveltuvuusanalyysi, jossa: a) Analysoitiin konseptin sisältö ja toiminnalliset reunaehdot. b) Arvioitiin konseptin suhde ja uutuusarvo alueen olemassa oleviin innovaatiopalveluihin ja toimijoihin. c) Arvioitiin konseptin mahdollisuudet toimia Seinäjoki Science Park -yhteisön vuorovaikutusta ja innovaatiotoimintaa edistävänä kehitysalustana. Soveltuvuusanalyysin pohjalta on tehty johtopäätökset Fab Lab -konseptin tarjoamista mahdollisuuksista suhteessa alueen innovaatioympäristön kehittämiseen, sekä suositukset mahdollisista jatkotoimista. Esiselvitys on toteutettu osana Seinäjoen seudun aluekeskusohjelmaa ja sen tilaajana on toiminut Seinäjoen Teknologiakeskus Oy.

Vanhustenhuolto + living lab = mahdollinen yhtälö? Tutkimus geronteknologisen järjestelmän tuotekehitysprosessista

Työ on laajaan dokumenttiaineistoon, haastatteluihin ja havaintoihin perustuva living lab - tyyppisen tuotekehitysprosessin yksityiskohtainen kuvaus. Hankehistoriallisessa tapaustutkimuksessa on käytetty historiantutkimuksen menetelmiä. Vanhustenkeskuksessa toteutetun living lab -hankkeen lopputuloksena syntyi vanhusten liikkeitä monitoroiva hoitotyön apuväline: turvalattia. Living lab -tyyppisessä tuotekehittämisessä on keskeistä teknologian kehittäminen tuotteen todellisessa käyttöympäristössä siten, että käyttäjät osallistuvat aktiivisesti kehitystyön kaikkiin vaiheisiin. Tutkimuksessa hankkeen etenemistä ja turvalattiateknologian rakentumista tarkastellaan toimijaverkostoteorian ja yhteisöllisen oppimisen käsitteen tarjoamista näkökulmista. Tutkimuksessa kiinnitetään erityisesti huomiota siihen, minkälaisia intressejä teknologian kehittämiseen osallistuvilla ryhmillä on ja minkälaisia konflikteja näiden intressien pohjalta syntyy. Lisäksi tarkastelun keskiössä on käyttäjien ja tuotekehittäjien välinen oppiminen, jonka mahdollistaminen ja edistäminen on living lab -kehittämisen päämäärä. Tutkimuksen keskeinen johtopäätös on, että käyttäjiltä saatu palaute on välttämätöntä käyttökelpoisen sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon alan teknologian aikaansaamiseksi, ja turvalattian tapauksessa käyttäjäpalaute myös uudelleensuuntasi teknologisen järjestelmän innovaatioprosessia. Käyttäjien ja tuotekehittäjien yhteistyön myötä turvalattiaan kehitettiin joukko uusia toiminnallisuuksia ja käsitys tuotteen ydinominaisuuksista sekä hyötylupauksesta muuttuivat. Turvalattian tapaus osoittaa lisäksi yhteisöllisen oppimisen merkityksen innovaatioprosessissa sekä living lab -tyyppisen tuotekehittämisen potentiaalin näiden oppimisprosessien mahdollistajana ja kiihdyttäjänä. Tapaus myös valottaa sitä, kuinka monimutkainen toimintakenttä vanhustenhuolto on teknologian kehittämisen ja sen käyttöönoton näkökulmasta. Näyttäisi kuitenkin siltä, että living lab -metodologian avulla voidaan ylittää joitakin geronteknologian kehittämiseen ja myös käyttöönottoon liittyviä haasteita.

SU-8-Based Microchips for Capillary Electrophoresis and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Miniaturization of analytical instrumentation is attracting growing interest in response to the explosive demand for rapid, yet sensitive analytical methods and low-cost, highly automated instruments for pharmaceutical and bioanalyses and environmental monitoring. Microfabrication technology in particular, has enabled fabrication of low-cost microdevices with a high degree of integrated functions, such as sample preparation, chemical reaction, separation, and detection, on a single microchip. These miniaturized total chemical analysis systems (microTAS or lab-on-a-chip) can also be arrayed for parallel analyses in order to accelerate the sample throughput. Other motivations include reduced sample consumption and waste production as well as increased speed of analysis. One of the most promising hyphenated techniques in analytical chemistry is the combination of a microfluidic separation chip and mass spectrometer (MS). In this work, the emerging polymer microfabrication techniques, ultraviolet lithography in particular, were exploited to develop a capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation chip which incorporates a monolithically integrated electrospray ionization (ESI) emitter for efficient coupling with MS. An epoxy photoresist SU-8 was adopted as structural material and characterized with respect to its physicochemical properties relevant to chip-based CE and ESI/MS, namely surface charge, surface interactions, heat transfer, and solvent compatibility. As a result, SU-8 was found to be a favorable material to substitute for the more commonly used glass and silicon in microfluidic applications. In addition, an infrared (IR) thermography was introduced as direct, non-intrusive method to examine the heat transfer and thermal gradients during microchip-CE. The IR data was validated through numerical modeling. The analytical performance of SU-8-based microchips was established for qualitative and quantitative CE-ESI/MS analysis of small drug compounds, peptides, and proteins. The CE separation efficiency was found to be similar to that of commercial glass microchips and conventional CE systems. Typical analysis times were only 30-90 s per sample indicating feasibility for high-throughput analysis. Moreover, a mass detection limit at the low-attomole level, as low as 10E+5 molecules, was achieved utilizing MS detection. The SU-8 microchips developed in this work could also be mass produced at low cost and with nearly identical performance from chip to chip. Until this work, the attempts to combine CE separation with ESI in a chip-based system, amenable to batch fabrication and capable of high, reproducible analytical performance, have not been successful. Thus, the CE-ESI chip developed in this work is a substantial step toward lab-on-a-chip technology.

Verkkoradio, musiikki ja radio - katsaus verkkoradioihin osana suomalaisten musiikin kuuntelua

This thesis examines Internet-radios and other web-based music services, and different ways these services are used in music listening in Finland. The research material was gathered in eight interviews that took place between spring 2005 and spring 2006 in southern Finland. The analysis distinguishes between five main types of Internet-radios: a) simulcasting, b) webcasting, c) podcasting, d) web-based sound archives, e) interactive music services. As a medium for music listening these combine aspects of computers and traditional radio. The role of Internet-radios in everyday life as well as different types of listening motivation are examined in the light of earlier research on taste, music listening and radio listening.

Personality and social psychological studies on computer-mediated communication in school settings

The present study examined how personality and social psychological factors affect third and fourth graders' computer-mediated communication. Personality was analysed in terms of the following strategies: optimism, pessimism and defensive pessimism. Students worked either individually or in dyads which were paired homogeneously or heterogeneously according to the strategies. Moreover, the present study compared horizontal and vertical interaction. The study also examined the role that popularity plays, and students were divided into groups based on their popularity level. The results show that an optimistic strategy is useful. Optimism was found to be related to the active production and processing of ideas. Although previous research has identified drawbacks to pessimism in achievement settings, this study shows that the pessimistic strategy is not as debilitating a strategy as is usually assumed. Pessimistic students were able to process their ideas. However, defensive pessimists were somewhat cautious in introducing or changing ideas. Heterogeneous dyads were not beneficial configurations with respect to producing, introducing, or changing ideas. Moreover, many differences were found to exist between the horizontal and vertical interaction; specifically, the students expressed more opinions and feelings when teachers took no part in the discussions. Strong emotions were observed especially in the horizontal interaction. Further, group working skills were found to be more important for boys than for girls, while rejected students were not at a disadvantage compared to popular ones. Schools can encourage emotional and social learning. The present study shows that students can use computers to express their feelings. In addition, students who are unpopular in non-computer contexts or students who use pessimism can benefit from computers. Participation in computer discussions can give unpopular children a chance to develop confidence when relating to peers.

Kehittäjä-interventionistien peiliaineistokäytännöt muutoslaboratoriohankkeissa : Narratiivit käyttäjätiedon välittäjänä

This research has its background on Knowledge Practices Laboratory (KP-Lab) research project. One of the aims of KP-Lab is to create virtual and technological tools to support the interventionist who use the Change Laboratory method as a developmental tool. In this research I studied the interventionists' mirror material practices which are context and theory bound and for that reason they pose challenges on the development of new tools. I focused on the gathering and working on the mirror material. The purpose of this study was to find out what kind of user knowledge does the research on narratives of mirror material practices in Change Laboratory provide to the developers of virtual tools? I answered this question by three sub questions: 1. What kind of mirror material the interventionists gather and analyze in different phases of developmental cycle of Change Laboratory project? 2. What kind of knowledge the different mirror materials contain and how is the knowledge transformed when the mirror material is analyzed and worked on? 3. What kind of tools the interventionists use and create when gathering and working on the mirror material? What wishes do the interventionists have on tools? I interviewed five interventionists in four different projects. I created narratives from the document supported interviews. Then I analyzed the narratives in three steps: first I placed the mirror materials in the developmental cycle. Secondly, I analyzed the mirror materials by placing them in a table by the form of the knowledge. Thirdly, I examined the tools the interventionists had used and created and what wishes they had on virtual tools. This research showed that different user groups of Change Laboratory method have different needs. All interventionists transform knowledge from one form to another so they seem to need especially tools by which they can analyze and transform knowledge. It seems that standardized model of gathering and analysing mirror material is not meaningful because mirror material is constructed in accordance with the object developed. This research also shows that the mirror material has a social function. This finding should be also noted when developing virtual tools together with actual users.

Virtuaalimaailmoja valtaamassa : verkko-opetusinnovaation leviäminen koulun maantieteeseen vuosituhannen vaihteessa

Tutkimus käsittelee verkko-opetusinnovaation leviämistä perusasteen ja lukion maantieteeseen vuosina 1998–2004. Työssä sovellettiin opetusinnovaation leviämismallia ja innovaatioiden diffuusioteoriaa. Aineisto hankittiin seitsemänä vuotena kyselylomakkeilla maantieteen verkko-opetuksen edelläkävijäopettajilta, jotka palauttivat 326 lomaketta. Tutkimuksen pääongelmat olivat 1) Millaisia edellytyksiä edelläkävijäopettajilla on käyttää verkko-opetusta koulun maantieteessä? 2) Mitä sovelluksia ja millä tavoin edelläkävijäopettajat käyttävät maantieteen verkko-opetuksessa? 3) Millaisia käyttökokemuksia edelläkävijäopettajat ovat saaneet maantieteen verkko-opetuksesta? Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että tietokoneiden riittämätön määrä ja puuttuminen aineluokasta vaikeuttivat maantieteen verkko-opetusta. Työssä kehitettiin opettajien digitaalisten mediataitojen kuutiomalli, johon kuuluvat tekniset taidot, informaation prosessointitaidot ja viestintätaidot. Opettajissa erotettiin kolme verkko-opetuksen käyttäjätyyppiä: informaatiohakuiset kevytkäyttäjät, viestintähakuiset peruskäyttäjät ja yhteistyöhakuiset tehokäyttäjät. Verkko-opetukseen liittyi intensiivisiä myönteisiä ja kielteisiä kokemuksia. Se toi iloa ja motivaatiota opiskeluun. Sitä pidettiin rikastuttavana lisänä, joka haluttiin integroida opetukseen hallitusti. Edelläkävijäopettajat ottivat käyttöön tietoverkoissa olevaa informaatiota ja sovelsivat työvälineohjelmia. He pääsivät alkuun todellisuutta jäljittelevien virtuaalimaailmojen: satelliittikuvien toistaman maapallon, digitaalikarttojen ja simulaatioiden käytössä. Opettajat kokeilivat verkon sosiaalisia tiloja reaaliaikaisen viestinnän, keskusteluryhmien ja ryhmätyöohjelmien avulla. Mielikuvitukseen perustuvat virtuaalimaailmat jäivät vähälle sillä opettajat eivät juuri pelanneet viihdepelejä. He omaksuivat virtuaalimaailmoista satunnaisia palasia käytettävissä olevan laite- ja ohjelmavarustuksen mukaan. Virtuaalimaailmojen valtaus eteni tutkimuksen aikana digitaalisen informaation hyödyntämisestä viestintäsovelluksiin ja aloittelevaan yhteistyöhön. Näin opettajat laajensivat virtuaalireviiriään tietoverkkojen dynaamisiksi toimijoiksi ja pääsivät uusin keinoin tyydyttämään ihmisen universaalia tarvetta yhteyteen muiden kanssa. Samalla opettajat valtautuivat informaation kuluttajista sen tuottajiksi, objekteista subjekteiksi. Verkko-opetus avaa koulun maantieteelle huomattavia mahdollisuuksia. Mobiililaitteiden avulla informaatiota voidaan kerätä ja tallentaa maasto-olosuhteissa, ohjelmilla sitä voidaan muuntaa muodosta toiseen. Internetin autenttiset ja ajantasaiset materiaalit tuovat opiskeluun konkretiaa ja kiinnostavuutta, mallit, simulaatiot ja paikkatieto havainnollistavat ilmiöitä. Viestintä- ja yhteistyövälineet sekä sosiaaliset informaatiotilat vahvistavat yhteistyötä. Avainsanat: verkko-opetus, internet, virtuaalimaailmat, maantiede, innovaatiot

Middleware for Mobile Sensing Applications in Urban Environments

Sensor networks represent an attractive tool to observe the physical world. Networks of tiny sensors can be used to detect a fire in a forest, to monitor the level of pollution in a river, or to check on the structural integrity of a bridge. Application-specific deployments of static-sensor networks have been widely investigated. Commonly, these networks involve a centralized data-collection point and no sharing of data outside the organization that owns it. Although this approach can accommodate many application scenarios, it significantly deviates from the pervasive computing vision of ubiquitous sensing where user applications seamlessly access anytime, anywhere data produced by sensors embedded in the surroundings. With the ubiquity and ever-increasing capabilities of mobile devices, urban environments can help give substance to the ubiquitous sensing vision through Urbanets, spontaneously created urban networks. Urbanets consist of mobile multi-sensor devices, such as smart phones and vehicular systems, public sensor networks deployed by municipalities, and individual sensors incorporated in buildings, roads, or daily artifacts. My thesis is that "multi-sensor mobile devices can be successfully programmed to become the underpinning elements of an open, infrastructure-less, distributed sensing platform that can bring sensor data out of their traditional close-loop networks into everyday urban applications". Urbanets can support a variety of services ranging from emergency and surveillance to tourist guidance and entertainment. For instance, cars can be used to provide traffic information services to alert drivers to upcoming traffic jams, and phones to provide shopping recommender services to inform users of special offers at the mall. Urbanets cannot be programmed using traditional distributed computing models, which assume underlying networks with functionally homogeneous nodes, stable configurations, and known delays. Conversely, Urbanets have functionally heterogeneous nodes, volatile configurations, and unknown delays. Instead, solutions developed for sensor networks and mobile ad hoc networks can be leveraged to provide novel architectures that address Urbanet-specific requirements, while providing useful abstractions that hide the network complexity from the programmer. This dissertation presents two middleware architectures that can support mobile sensing applications in Urbanets. Contory offers a declarative programming model that views Urbanets as a distributed sensor database and exposes an SQL-like interface to developers. Context-aware Migratory Services provides a client-server paradigm, where services are capable of migrating to different nodes in the network in order to maintain a continuous and semantically correct interaction with clients. Compared to previous approaches to supporting mobile sensing urban applications, our architectures are entirely distributed and do not assume constant availability of Internet connectivity. In addition, they allow on-demand collection of sensor data with the accuracy and at the frequency required by every application. These architectures have been implemented in Java and tested on smart phones. They have proved successful in supporting several prototype applications and experimental results obtained in ad hoc networks of phones have demonstrated their feasibility with reasonable performance in terms of latency, memory, and energy consumption.

XML Messaging for Mobile Devices

In recent years, XML has been widely adopted as a universal format for structured data. A variety of XML-based systems have emerged, most prominently SOAP for Web services, XMPP for instant messaging, and RSS and Atom for content syndication. This popularity is helped by the excellent support for XML processing in many programming languages and by the variety of XML-based technologies for more complex needs of applications. Concurrently with this rise of XML, there has also been a qualitative expansion of the Internet's scope. Namely, mobile devices are becoming capable enough to be full-fledged members of various distributed systems. Such devices are battery-powered, their network connections are based on wireless technologies, and their processing capabilities are typically much lower than those of stationary computers. This dissertation presents work performed to try to reconcile these two developments. XML as a highly redundant text-based format is not obviously suitable for mobile devices that need to avoid extraneous processing and communication. Furthermore, the protocols and systems commonly used in XML messaging are often designed for fixed networks and may make assumptions that do not hold in wireless environments. This work identifies four areas of improvement in XML messaging systems: the programming interfaces to the system itself and to XML processing, the serialization format used for the messages, and the protocol used to transmit the messages. We show a complete system that improves the overall performance of XML messaging through consideration of these areas. The work is centered on actually implementing the proposals in a form usable on real mobile devices. The experimentation is performed on actual devices and real networks using the messaging system implemented as a part of this work. The experimentation is extensive and, due to using several different devices, also provides a glimpse of what the performance of these systems may look like in the future.

Construction of a global map of human gene expression : the process, tools and analysis

This thesis studies human gene expression space using high throughput gene expression data from DNA microarrays. In molecular biology, high throughput techniques allow numerical measurements of expression of tens of thousands of genes simultaneously. In a single study, this data is traditionally obtained from a limited number of sample types with a small number of replicates. For organism-wide analysis, this data has been largely unavailable and the global structure of human transcriptome has remained unknown. This thesis introduces a human transcriptome map of different biological entities and analysis of its general structure. The map is constructed from gene expression data from the two largest public microarray data repositories, GEO and ArrayExpress. The creation of this map contributed to the development of ArrayExpress by identifying and retrofitting the previously unusable and missing data and by improving the access to its data. It also contributed to creation of several new tools for microarray data manipulation and establishment of data exchange between GEO and ArrayExpress. The data integration for the global map required creation of a new large ontology of human cell types, disease states, organism parts and cell lines. The ontology was used in a new text mining and decision tree based method for automatic conversion of human readable free text microarray data annotations into categorised format. The data comparability and minimisation of the systematic measurement errors that are characteristic to each lab- oratory in this large cross-laboratories integrated dataset, was ensured by computation of a range of microarray data quality metrics and exclusion of incomparable data. The structure of a global map of human gene expression was then explored by principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering using heuristics and help from another purpose built sample ontology. A preface and motivation to the construction and analysis of a global map of human gene expression is given by analysis of two microarray datasets of human malignant melanoma. The analysis of these sets incorporate indirect comparison of statistical methods for finding differentially expressed genes and point to the need to study gene expression on a global level.

Exploring privacy for ubiquitous computing: Tools, methods and experiments

Ubiquitous computing is about making computers and computerized artefacts a pervasive part of our everyday lifes, bringing more and more activities into the realm of information. The computationalization, informationalization of everyday activities increases not only our reach, efficiency and capabilities but also the amount and kinds of data gathered about us and our activities. In this thesis, I explore how information systems can be constructed so that they handle this personal data in a reasonable manner. The thesis provides two kinds of results: on one hand, tools and methods for both the construction as well as the evaluation of ubiquitous and mobile systems---on the other hand an evaluation of the privacy aspects of a ubiquitous social awareness system. The work emphasises real-world experiments as the most important way to study privacy. Additionally, the state of current information systems as regards data protection is studied. The tools and methods in this thesis consist of three distinct contributions. An algorithm for locationing in cellular networks is proposed that does not require the location information to be revealed beyond the user's terminal. A prototyping platform for the creation of context-aware ubiquitous applications called ContextPhone is described and released as open source. Finally, a set of methodological findings for the use of smartphones in social scientific field research is reported. A central contribution of this thesis are the pragmatic tools that allow other researchers to carry out experiments. The evaluation of the ubiquitous social awareness application ContextContacts covers both the usage of the system in general as well as an analysis of privacy implications. The usage of the system is analyzed in the light of how users make inferences of others based on real-time contextual cues mediated by the system, based on several long-term field studies. The analysis of privacy implications draws together the social psychological theory of self-presentation and research in privacy for ubiquitous computing, deriving a set of design guidelines for such systems. The main findings from these studies can be summarized as follows: The fact that ubiquitous computing systems gather more data about users can be used to not only study the use of such systems in an effort to create better systems but in general to study phenomena previously unstudied, such as the dynamic change of social networks. Systems that let people create new ways of presenting themselves to others can be fun for the users---but the self-presentation requires several thoughtful design decisions that allow the manipulation of the image mediated by the system. Finally, the growing amount of computational resources available to the users can be used to allow them to use the data themselves, rather than just being passive subjects of data gathering.

Service-based Requirements for Future Mobile Networks

The mobile phone has, as a device, taken the world by storm in the past decade; from only 136 million phones globally in 1996, it is now estimated that by the end of 2008 roughly half of the worlds population will own a mobile phone. Over the years, the capabilities of the phones as well as the networks have increased tremendously, reaching the point where the devices are better called miniature computers rather than simply mobile phones. The mobile industry is currently undertaking several initiatives of developing new generations of mobile network technologies; technologies that to a large extent focus at offering ever-increasing data rates. This thesis seeks to answer the question of whether the future mobile networks in development and the future mobile services are in sync; taking a forward-looking timeframe of five to eight years into the future, will there be services that will need the high-performance new networks being planned? The question is seen to be especially pertinent in light of slower-than-expected takeoff of 3G data services. Current and future mobile services are analyzed from two viewpoints; first, looking at the gradual, evolutionary development of the services and second, through seeking to identify potential revolutionary new mobile services. With information on both current and future mobile networks as well as services, a network capability - service requirements mapping is performed to identify which services will work in which networks. Based on the analysis, it is far from certain whether the new mobile networks, especially those planned for deployment after HSPA, will be needed as soon as they are being currently roadmapped. The true service-based demand for the "beyond HSPA" technologies may be many years into the future - or, indeed, may never materialize thanks to the increasing deployment of local area wireless broadband technologies.

Service Composition on a Mobile Phone

With the recent increase in interest in service-oriented architectures (SOA) and Web services, developing applications with the Web services paradigm has become feasible. Web services are self-describing, platform-independent computational elements. New applications can be assembled from a set of previously created Web services, which are composed together to make a service that uses its components to perform a certain task. This is the idea of service composition. To bring service composition to a mobile phone, I have created Interactive Service Composer for mobile phones. With Interactive Service Composer, the user is able to build service compositions on his mobile phone, consisting of Web services or services that are available from the mobile phone itself. The service compositions are reusable and can be saved in the phone's memory. Previously saved compositions can also be used in new compositions. While developing applications for mobile phones has been possible for some time, the usability of the solutions is not the same as when developing for desktop computers. When developing for mobile phones, the developer has to more carefully consider the decisions he is going to make with the program he is developing. With the lack of processing power and memory, the applications cannot function as well as on desktop PCs. On the other hand, this does not remove the appeal of developing applications for mobile devices.