Lost in translation? : Translating allusions in two of Reginald Hill's Dalziel & Pascoe novels

This study examines strategies used to translate various thematic and character delineating allusions in two of Reginald Hill's detective novels, The Wood Beyond and On Beulah Height and their Swedish translations Det mörka arvet and Dalen som dränktes. In this study, thematic allusions and allusions used in character delineation are regarded as intertextual networks. Intertextual networks comprise all the texts that are in one way or another embedded into a text, all the texts referred to in it and even the texts somehow rejected from a text's own canon. Studying allusions as intertextual networks makes it warranted to pay minute attention to even the smallest of details. Seen together, these little details form extensive networks of meaning that readers use to interpret the text. Allusion can be defined as a reference, often covert or indirect, to another text in a way that brings into the text some of the associations of that other text. A text is here understood broadly, hence sources of allusions include all cultural texts from literature and history to cinema and televisions serials. Allusions are culture bound and each culture tends to allude to its own cultural products. The set of transcultural allusions is therefore fairly small. Translation strategies are translatorial ways of solving translation problems. Being culture-bound, allusions are potential translation problems. In order to transmit the thoughts evoked by the allusions in source text readers to the target text readers translators may add guidance to the translated text. Often guidance is not added, which may result in changes in handling of themes or character delineation, clear in the source text but confusing or incomprehensible in the target text. However, norms in target culture may not always allow the translators the possibility to make the text comprehensible. My analyses of translation strategies show that in the two translated novels studied minimum change is a very frequently used strategy. This results in themes and character delineation losing some of the effect they have in the source texts. Perhaps surprisingly, the result is very much the same even where it is possible to discern that the two translators have had differing translation principles. Keywords: allusions, intertextuality, literary translation, translation strategies, norms, crime fiction, Hill, Reginald

Jumala valon, rakkauden ja elämän kommunikaationa : Kevin Vanhoozerin kommunikatiivinen teismi

Tutkielman tehtävänä on selvittää, mitä Kevin Vanhoozer tarkoittaa kommunikatiivisella teismillä. Tutkielman tärkein lähde on Kevin Vanhoozerin teos Remythologizing Theology, jossa hän esittelee kommunikatiivista teismiä. Kommunikatiivinen teismi liittyy yhteen Vanhoozerin kehittämän remytologisaation metodin kanssa, joka kehittelee eteenpäin hänen aikaisemman tuotantonsa hermeneuttisia teemoja. Tutkielmassa esitellään Vanhoozerin puheaktiteoriapohjaista käsitystä kommunikaatiosta ja jumalallisesta draamasta osana hänen kommunikatiivista teismiään, sekä tarkastellaan Vanhoozerin hermeneutiikkaa, joka on kommunikatiivisen teismin taustalla. Kommunikatiivinen teismi käsittelee Jumalan kommunikaatiota ja hänen olemustaan tämän kommunikaation perusteella. Kommunikatiivinen teismi tarkastelee Jumalan kommunikaatiota Raamatussa ja sitä, miten kommunikaatio ilmenee sekä Kolminaisuuden sisällä että Jumalan ja ihmisten välillä. Jumalan kommunikaation sisältönä on kommunikatiivisen teismin mukaan valo, rakkaus ja elämä eri tavoin. Jumalan ja maailman suhdetta tarkastellaan kirjailija-metaforan kautta: Jumala on maailman kirjailija, maailma hänen teoksensa ja ihmiset sen sankareita.