128 resultados para J.P. Morgan


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This dissertation is an onomastic study of variation in women s name phrases in official documents in Finland during the period 1780âˆ1930. The aim is to discuss from a socio-onomastic perspective both the changeover from patronymics to inherited family names and the use of surnames after marriage (i.e. whether women adopted their husbands family names or retained their maiden names), before new laws in this area entered into force in Finland in the early 20th century. In 1920, a law on family names that required fixed names put an end to the use of the patronymic as a person s only surname. After 1929, it was no longer possible for a married woman to retain her maiden name. Methodologically, to explain this development from a socio-onomastic perspective, I have based my study on a syntactic-semantic analysis of the actual name phrases. To be able to demonstrate the extensive material, I have elaborated a scheme to divide the 115 different types of name phrases into 13 main categories. The analysis of the material for Helsinki is based on frequency calculations of the different types of name phrases every thirtieth year, as well as on describing variation in the structure and semantic content of the name phrases, e.g. social variation in the use of titles and epithets. In addition to this, by applying a biographic-genealogical method, I have conducted two case studies of the usage of women s name phrases in the two chosen families. The study is based on parish registers from the period 1780âˆ1929, estate inventory documents from the period 1780âˆ1928, registration forms for liberty of trade from the period 1880âˆ1908, family announcements on newspapers from the period 1829âˆ1888, gravestones from the period 1796âˆ1929 and diaries from the periods 1799âˆ1801 and 1818âˆ1820 providing a corpus of 5 950 name phrases. The syntactic-semantic analysis has revealed the overall picture of various ways of denoting women in official documents. In Helsinki, towards the end of the 19th century, the use of inherited family names seems to be almost fully developed in official contexts. At the late 19th century, a patronymic still appears as the only surname of some working-class women whereas in the early 20th century patronymics were only entered in the parish register as a kind of middle name. In the beginning of the 19th century, most married women were still registered under their maiden names, with a few exceptions among the bourgeoisie and upper class. The comparative analysis of name phrases in diaries, however, indicates that the use of the husband s family name by married women was a much earlier phenomenon in private contexts than in official documents. Keywords: socio-onomastics, syntactic-semantic analysis, name phrase, patronymic, maiden name, husband s family name

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Streptococcus agalactiae âjuverinflammation var tidigare ett stort problem i mÃ¥nga länder, inklusive Finland. I och med fÃrbättrad mjÃlkningshygien och antibiotikabehandlingar har bakterien sÃ¥ gott som eradikerats frÃ¥n mjÃlkbesättningarna. Nu verkar bakterien i viss mÃ¥n ha kommit tillbaka till vÃ¥ra stora mjÃlkgÃ¥rdar. Avhandlingens experimentella del utfÃrdes pÃ¥ en mjÃlkgÃ¥rd, med ca 180 mjÃlkande och tre mjÃlkningsrobotar, som haft problem med Str. agalactiae. Man hoppades utreda hur stort problemet pÃ¥ gÃ¥rden var samt mÃjliga smittovägar. Man undersÃkte ocksÃ¥ mÃjligheten att använda mjÃlkningsrobotens automatiska provtagningsutrustning fÃr provtagning av bakteriella prov. PCRmetoden jämfÃrdes med konventionell odling vid diagnostik av juverinflammationer orsakade av Str. agalactiae. PÃ¥ gÃ¥rden gick man igenom anteckningar samt hälso- och seminkort fÃr att fÃ¥ en bild Ãver situationen. Man gjorde en uppfÃljning av mjÃlkningen fÃr tolv kor vid den ena mjÃlkningsroboten. Man tog 47 stycken kospecifika mjÃlkprov samt ett prov frÃ¥n mjÃlktanken. MjÃlkprov i tre serier bÃ¥de mjÃlkade fÃr hand och direkt frÃ¥n mjÃlkuppsamlaren pÃ¥ mjÃlkningsroboten togs. Man tog sammanlagt 23 renlighetsprov frÃ¥n mjÃlkningsroboten, tre frÃ¥n den automatiska provtagningsutrustningen samt tvÃ¥ frÃ¥n djurskÃtarnas händer. FrÃ¥n den automatiska provtagningsutrustningen togs även ett genomskÃljningsprov. Av mjÃlkprov som tidigare tagits pÃ¥ gÃ¥rden hade man hittat Str. agalactiae i ca 17%. I denna studie hittades Str. agalactiae i tre kospecifika mjÃlkprov, vilket motsvarar en prevalens pÃ¥ ca 2%. Vid uppfÃljningen av mjÃlkningarna upptäcktes inget alarmerande, men spenarnas hälsa samt tommjÃlkningar är nÃ¥got som bÃr fÃljas upp. Av renlighetsproven hittades Str. agalactiae i ett prov taget frÃ¥n borsthÃ¥llaren. Svaren frÃ¥n mjÃlkproven tagna i serier tyder pÃ¥ att den automatiska provtagningsutrustningen inte gÃ¥r att använda till bakteriella prov, eftersom mjÃlken frÃ¥n en Str. agalactiae âinfekterad ko verkar pÃ¥verka resultatet ocksÃ¥ hos fÃljande kor. Resultatet är väntat, eftersom mjÃlkprov alltid skall tas aseptiskt och det gÃ¥r inte med den automatiska provtagningsutrustningen sÃ¥ som den i dagsläget är utvecklad. FrÃ¥n sju av nio mjÃlkprov, där man hittat Str. agalactiae med PCR-metoden, hittades bakterien ocksÃ¥ med konventionell odling. FrÃ¥n tankmjÃlksprovet kunde man inte hitta Str. agalactiae med konventionell odling. PCR-metoden verkar enligt den här studien vara mer känslig att upptäcka Str. agalactiae jämfÃrt med konventionell odling.