Yhteiskuntaluokka ja maku

Thee thesis, which consists of four original articles and a summarizing chapter, discusses homology between social class and cultural taste. Cultural taste is defined as the choices made in different areas of culture (television, cinema, reading, music, visual arts, sports, dining out, and leisure pursuits). Taste choices manifest themselves as likes and dislikes but also in what a person does. Social class is observed through occupational status, level of education, income and subjective views on class. The central research question concerns the relationship between social class and consumption of culture. The study aims to clarify what kind of class related differences can be found in cultural consumption, but also how these differences are connected to other factors stratifying the society such as gender, age and mother tongue. The data that is being analyzed consists of the data gathered by the project Cultural Capital and Social Differentiation in Contemporary Finland: An International Comparison. Class identification and the relation of cultural divisions to the socioeconomic ones are being analyzed using a nationally represent-ative survey data (N = 1388). Individual interviews (N = 25) and twenty focus group interviews (N = 20) on cultural consumption are also being analyzed. The theoretical framework is built around Pierre Buourdieu s theory of distinction and its critique but also recent research that expands on bourdieusian theory. In the theory of distinction lifestyle is thought to be defined through the quantity and quality of different capitals (economic, cultural and social). Cultural tastes are therefore linked to class status through different capitals. The study shows that the majority of Finns can place themselves in the class scene. Moreover, class-related differences can be found in cultural consumption in empirical analyses. The main differences between classes can be seen in how different classes relate to cultural products but also in the number of leisure pursuits. Being well-off economically is connected to being well-off culturally. High status manifests as omnivorous cultural consumption. The central differences are built upon occupational class so that the working class is more passive than other class groups. Same difference can be found in relation to education and income level. Other im-portant divisive variable is age. Age group defines what is being consumed: the younger respondents are inclined to choose popular culture whereas the older age groups choices represent more traditional taste choices.

Maatilatalous ja sen vaikutus vesistöjen kuormittajana Lounais-Suomessa

Agricultute as a contributor to water pollution in Southwestern Finland.

Kemihaaran allasalueen luonto

Nature in the Kemihaara reservoir area, Northern Finland.

Kemihaaran allasalueen väestötutkimus

Engl. summary: Population study in the Kemihaara reservoir area

Kymen vesipiirin alueen pienvesistöjen laadun nykytilan selvitys

The water quality of some small riverbasins in the Kymi district.

Inarinjärven tutkimus vuonna 1974

Engl. summary: Data on the water quality in Lake Inari in the year 1974

Bridging East and West : The Establishment of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in the United States Foreign Policy of Bridge Building, 1964-1972.

The dissertation examines the foreign policies of the United States through the prism of science and technology. In the focal point of scrutiny is the policy establishing the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) and the development of the multilateral part of bridge building in American foreign policy during the 1960s and early 1970s. After a long and arduous negotiation process, the institute was finally established by twelve national member organizations from the following countries: Bulgaria, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), France, German Democratic Republic (GDR), Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Poland, Soviet Union and United States; a few years later Sweden, Finland and the Netherlands also joined. It is said that the goal of the institute was to bring together researchers from East and West to solve pertinent problems caused by the modernization process experienced in industrialized world. It originates from President Lyndon B. Johnson s bridge building policies that were launched in 1964, and was set in a well-contested and crowded domain of other international organizations of environmental and social planning. Since the distinct need for yet another organization was not evident, the process of negotiations in this multinational environment enlightens the foreign policy ambitions of the United States on the road to the Cold War détente. The study places this project within its political era, and juxtaposes it with other international organizations, especially that of the OECD, ECE and NATO. Conventionally, Lyndon Johnson s bridge building policies have been seen as a means to normalize its international relations bilaterally with different East European countries, and the multilateral dimension of the policy has been ignored. This is why IIASA s establishment process in this multilateral environment brings forth new information on US foreign policy goals, the means to achieve these goals, as well as its relations to other advanced industrialized societies before the time of détente, during the 1960s and early 1970s. Furthermore, the substance of the institute applied systems analysis illuminates the differences between European and American methodological thinking in social planning. Systems analysis is closely associated with (American) science and technology policies of the 1960s, especially in its military administrative applications, thus analysis within the foreign policy environment of the United States proved particularly fruitful. In the 1960s the institutional structures of European continent with faltering, and the growing tendencies of integration were in flux. One example of this was the long, drawn-out process of British membership in the EEC, another is de Gaulle s withdrawal from NATO s military-political cooperation. On the other hand, however, economic cooperation in Europe between East and West, and especially with the Soviet Union was expanding rapidly. This American initiative to form a new institutional actor has to be seen in that structural context, showing that bridge building was needed not only to the East, but also to the West. The narrative amounts to an analysis of how the United States managed both cooperation and conflict in its hegemonic aspirations in the emerging modern world, and how it used its special relationship with the United Kingdom to achieve its goals. The research is based on the archives of the United States, Great Britain, Sweden, Finland, and IIASA. The primary sources have been complemented with both contemporary and present day research literature, periodicals, and interviews.

Kelan lapsiperhe-etuustilasto 2010

Kelan lapsiperhe-etuustilasto 2010 sisältää keskeiset tiedot Kelan maksamista vanhempainpäivärahoista, äitiysavustuksista, lapsilisistä, lastenhoidon tuista ja elatustuesta. Sairausvakuutuslain perusteella maksetuista vanhempainpäivärahoista on kunnittainen tilasto myös Kelan sairausvakuutustilasto 2010 -julkaisussa. Kelan lapsiperhe-etuustilasto ilmestyy vuosittain. Sitä on julkaistu tilastovuodesta 2003 lähtien nimellä Kelan perhe-etuustilasto ja tilastovuodesta 2009 lähtien nimellä Kelan lapsiperhe-etuustilasto. Tämä vuoden 2010 tilasto on ensimmäinen, jota ei enää julkaista painetussa muodossa. Vuosien 1993–2002 perhe-etuustilastot sisältyivät julkaisusarjaan Kansaneläkelaitoksen sairausvakuutus- ja perhe-etuustilastot, vuosien 1989– 1992 tilastot julkaisuun Kansaneläkelaitoksen sairausvakuutustilastot. Sitä aikaisempien vuosien tilastot sisältyivät julkaisuihin Kansaneläkelaitoksen ikä- ja ammattitilastot (julkaisuvuodet 1977–1988) ja Kansaneläkelaitoksen aluetilastot (julkaisuvuodet 1972–1988).

Kelan sairausvakuutustilasto 2010

Kelan sairausvakuutustilasto 2010 sisältää keskeiset tiedot sairausvakuutuslain perusteella maksetuista sairauspäivärahoista, YEL-päivärahasta, erityishoitorahasta ja sairaanhoitokorvauksista. Julkaisu tarjoaa tilastoja näiden etuuksien saajista, etuuksien käytöstä (esim. sairauspäivärahapäivistä ja lääkärissäkäynneistä) sekä maksettujen etuuksien rahamääristä. Julkaisussa esitetään lisäksi kunnittainen tilasto maksetuista vanhempainpäivärahoista.

Influence of forest owners as an interest group in achieving the forest policy goals in Finland.

XVIII IUFRO World Congress, Ljubljana 1986.

Effects of forestry extension on the use of allowable cut in non-industrial private forests.

XVIII IUFRO World Congress, Ljubljana 1986.