Resolving taxonomic uncertainty in vulnerable elasmobranchs : are the Madeira skate (Raja maderensis) and the thornback ray (Raja clavata) distinct species?

We are grateful to all those who helped with sample collection. This includes the MEDITS survey programme (IEO Mallorca) for Mediterranean samples. Portugal mainland samples were collected under the EU Data Collection Framework (DCF, PNAB). Azores specimens from the Department of Oceanography and Fisheries (DOP) of the University of the Azores (UAc) were collected under the project DEMERSAIS “Monitorização das espécies demersais dos Açores” financed by the Azorean government, and the project DEECON “Unravelling population connectivity for sustainable fisheries in the Deep Sea” project approved by the European Science Foundation (ESF) under the EUROCORES programme (proposal No 06-EuroDEEP-FP-008 & SFRH-EuroDEEP/0002/2007). This study was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Oceans 2025 Strategic Research Programme Theme 6 (Science for Sustainable Marine Resources). REB was supported by the Fisheries Society of the British Isles (FSBI), BSP was funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, SFRH/BPD/72351/2010 and JL was supported by The Alasdair Downes Marine Conservation Fund.

An Ecological and Evolutionary Framework for Commensalism in Anthropogenic Environments

Acknowledgements We would like to thank Jean-Denis Vigne, members of the Searle lab, and SNEEB at Cornell University for a stimulating environment and many early discussions and comments. We would also like to thank Maeve McMahon for comments on the manuscript.

Adverse consequences of stock recovery : European hake, a new “choke” species under a discard ban?

Date of Acceptance: 28/01/2014 Funded by Seventh Framework Programme as part of the European research project EcoFishMan. Grant Number: FP7-265401 The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland Scottish Funding Council. Grant Number: HR09011

Adverse consequences of stock recovery : European hake, a new “choke” species under a discard ban?

Date of Acceptance: 28/01/2014 Funded by Seventh Framework Programme as part of the European research project EcoFishMan. Grant Number: FP7-265401 The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland Scottish Funding Council. Grant Number: HR09011