Plasmopara sphagneticolae sp. nov. (Peronosporales) on Sphagneticola (Asteraceae) in Australia

A specimen of downy mildew on leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata found in northern Queensland was identified by a systematic approach as a novel species of Plasmopara. A new species, Plasmopara sphagneticolae, is proposed for this specimen, which differs from other species of Plasmopara by morphology, host range, and sequence data from nuclear-ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial DNA. Plasmopara sphagneticolae, together with P. halstedii, are downy mildews found on host species in the tribe Heliantheae (Asteraceae). Plasmopara halstedii causes downy mildew on Helianthus annuus, and is not present on sunflower in Australia. Phylogenetic analysis of the large subunit region of ribosomal DNA showed that P. sphagneticolae was sister to P. halstedii on sunflower.

Dry flower disease of Macadamia in Australia caused by Neopestalotiopsis macadamiae sp. nov. and Pestalotiopsis macadamiae sp. nov

Incidence of dry flower disease of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia), expressed as blight of the flowers, necrosis and dieback of the rachis, is increasing in Australia. In the 2012/13 production season, incidence of dry flower disease resulted in 10% to 30% yield loss in the affected orchards. Etiology of the disease has not been established. This study was established to characterise the disease and identify the causal pathogen. A survey of the major macadamia producing regions in Australia revealed dry flower disease symptoms, regardless of cultivar or location at all stages of raceme development. Based on colony and conidial morphology, the majority (41%) of fungal isolates obtained from tissue samples were identified as Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis spp. The phylogeny of the combined partial sequence of the internal transcribed spacer, beta-tubulin and translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene loci, segregated the isolates into two well supported clades, independent of location or part of the inflorescence affected. Further morphological examination supported the establishment of two new species, which are formally described as Neopestalotiopsis macadamiae sp. nov. and Pestalotiopsis macadamiae sp. nov. Using spore suspensions of isolates of both species, Koch?s postulates were fulfilled on three macadamia cultivars at all stages of raceme development. To our knowledge, this is the first report of species of Neopestalotiopsis and Pestalotiopsis as causal agents of inflorescence disease in macadamia.