Los proverbios de animales en árabe clásico: análisis, estudio comparativo y equivalencias en español

This study entitled «Classical Arabic proverbs: analysis, comparative study and equivalence in Spanish», aims on one hand, to display the multiple problems we face when translating proverbs between Arabic and Spanish, and on the other hand, offers an updated check up of the proverbs uses as well as an analysis of the equivalence between proverbs. It was an arduous task looking for reference works which were of interest to our research both in Arabic and Spanish. We consulted many references but if we were to cite the most important ones, we would talk about works such as Magma alamtal by al-Maydani, which constituted the base we relied on in the analytical part of our work. Also of interest was Hayatu Al-Hayauani l-al-Kubra, from ad-Dummayri and his other work Mungid al-lugati w al-a'lam; as well as Ğamharat al-amtal by Abū Hilāl Al-‘Askarī and Ğamharat al-amtal al-baġdadiyya by‘Abd ar-Rahman Tikritī. As for the references in Spanish, we relied on Martinez Kleiseŕs Ideological General Spanish Proverbs; as well as 1001 Spanish sayings and their correspondence in eight languages from Julia Seville Muñoz and Ortiz de Urbina; also, Introduction to the study of fixed expressions by Julio Casares; Vocabulary of proverbs and proverbial phrases (1627-2000) by G. Correas; Dictionnary of sayings by Campos and Barella; the famous The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes; the work of Sebastián Orozco de Covarrubias Treasure of Castilian Spanish; as well as Sayings and Proverbs in Romance from Hernán Núñez; or Over 21,000 Castilian Sayings not contained in the Large Collection of the Master Gonzalo Correas by Rodriguez Marín. Our work covered two main levels: a descriptive empirical area that included a historical approach with a definition of the different terms related to the proverbs used in our study. The other level is analytical which, besides holding our personal stamp, has been executed through a rigorous study of the three major aspects of our research: analysis, translation and equivalence of the proverb. We started by making a brief description of the empirical part we have divided into several sections, each devoted to the study of one particular aspect...

Regionalismos léxicos y paremiológicos en la narrativa de Jorge Amado: aspectos sociolingüístico y antropológico

The work of Jorge Amado collects and processes relevant aspects of Brazilian miscegenation and allows discussion on various issues relating to the cultural productions of the country. If on the one hand the racial mixture can be seen as the result of an harmonious process, as is traditional Brazilian thought that comes from XVIII century, on the other hand it portrays the customs of Bahian society at different times, mixing the humorous tone to the optimistic view of the world. As for the miscegenation, reality of the Bahian people, as of all Brazil, can also be analyzed in their heterogeneity, for whom observes that, in the end, the crossing of economic, social and cultural boundaries have been, in many cases, quite problematic. The aim of this work is to make a journey into reality, past and present in Brazil, to understand the lexical regionalisms present in each work; it is important to understand the history of slavery, indigenous groups and the relation that the white man had with this world. All that enormous database of spoken language (a true linguistic laboratory) served and is serving to describe the Portuguese in Brazil in its regional, ethnic and social varieties. (Bagno, 2011: 104-105) I analyze here two works by Jorge Amado, Gabriela, Clove and Cinnamon: Chronicle of an Inner City and Tieta of Agreste, which constitute the corpus of this work, which will consist in detecting an extensive glossary and the collection thereof as well as paremiological regionalisms; phrases or expressions corresponding to a region and time of Brazil...

3D-form metrology of arbitrary optical surfaces by absorption in fluids

We present an imaging technique for the 3D-form metrology of optical surfaces. It is based on the optical absorption in fluids situated between the surface and a reference. An improved setup with a bi-chromatic light source is fundamental to obtain reliable topographic maps. It is able to measure any surface finish (rough or polished), form and slope and independently of scale. We present results focused on flat and spherical optical surfaces, arrays of lenses and with different surface finish (rough-polished). We achieve form accuracies from several nanometers to sub-lambda for sag departures from tens to hundred of microns. Therefore, it seems suitable for the quality control in the production of precision aspheric, freeform lenses and other complex shapes on transparent substrates, independently of the surface finish.