La movilidad juvenil en Europa. Un patrón de viaje aún asimétrico en España

Ya han transcurrido más de 10 años desde que el sociólogo alemán Ulrich Beck y su compañera Elisabeth Beck-Gernsheim publicaron sus reflexiones acerca de la juventud transnacional en una Europa Cosmopolita en su obra “Reinventar Europa: una visión cosmopolita” (2006), cuya hipótesis de partida para dicha reflexión consistía en considerar el cosmopolitismo juvenil como una macro transformación cultural que unificaba, y cuya tendencia era unificadora. No podemos decir que su visión no fuera acertada, sino tal vez encontrar una determinada desviación de los motivos de movilidad transnacional de los jóvenes Europeos. No solamente son dos Europas en cuanto a la diferencia entre dos grandes grupos de países (sureste frente a noroeste), sino que también podemos hablar de una diferenciación interior en el centro de los países incluso en la llamada Europa de los 15, en función del capital cultural, social y económico o laboral (desempleo). Observaremos el comportamiento en este segundo nivel (intra-país) analizando el caso ya estudiado por el autor (INJUVE, 2014) sobre aspectos muy diferenciados en el patrón de movilidad comparado por regiones de origen de los jóvenes españoles que viajan hacia Europa. La hipótesis de que este comportamiento pueda repetirse en el resto de los países europeos será verificada por investigaciones en marcha

Reminder and 2AFC tasks provide similar estimates of the difference limen: a reanalysis of data from Lapid, Ulrich, and Rammsayer (2008) and a discussion of Ulrich and Vorberg (2009)

Lapid, Ulrich, and Rammsayer (2008) reported that estimates of the difference limen (DL) from a two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) task are higher than those obtained from a reminder task. This article reanalyzes their data in order to correct an error in their estimates of the DL from 2AFC data. We also extend the psychometric functions fitted to data from both tasks to incorporate an extra parameter that has been shown to allow obtaining accurate estimates of the DL that are unaffected by lapses. Contrary to Lapid et al.'s conclusion, our reanalysis shows that DLs estimated with the 2AFC task are only minimally (and not always significantly) larger than those estimated with the reminder task. We also show that their data are contaminated by response bias, and that the small remaining difference between DLs estimated with 2AFC and reminder tasks can be reasonably attributed to the differential effects that response bias has in either task as they were defined in Lapid et al.'s experiments. Finally, we discuss a novel approach presented by Ulrich and Vorberg (2009) for fitting psychometric functions to 2AFC discrimination data.

Correction to “Reminder and 2AFC tasks provide similar estimates of the difference limen: A reanalysis of data from Lapid, Ulrich, and Rammsayer (2008) and a discussion of Ulrich and Vorberg (2009)”

We recently published an article (García-Pérez & Alcalá- Quintana, 2010) reanalyzing data presented by Lapid, Ulrich, and Rammsayer (2008) and discussing a theoretical argument developed by Ulrich and Vorberg (2009). The purpose of this note is to correct an error in our study that has some theoretical importance, although it does not affect the conclusion that was raised. The error lies in that asymptote parameters reflecting lapses or finger errors should not enter the constraint relating the psychometric functions that describe performance when the comparison stimulus in a two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) discrimination task is presented in the first or second interval.