2 resultados para Toni Negri

em Universidade Complutense de Madrid


Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Resulta innegable que la conducción de vehículos constituye, en sí, el ejercicio de una actividad multitarea compleja. De manera tal que, quien quisiera ejecutarla, deberá poseer determinadas aptitudes psíquicas y físicas que aseguren, en todo momento, el mantenimiento de óptimas condiciones de seguridad. Por un lado, los datos de investigación, así como las estadísticas de siniestralidad vial, indican que son varios factores los que inclinan la balanza hacia una mayor propensión de conductas de riesgo en la conducción por parte de los adolescentes: la combinación de inmadurez e inexperiencia, no utilizar el cinturón de seguridad, acelerar o conducir demasiado rápido, el alto consumo de tecnología mientras conducen, etc. Por otro lado, la distracción y la inatención son factores humanos concurrentes en los accidentes de tráfico. Se ha considerado abordar la distracción y la inatención como aspectos continuos e inherentes a la persona bajo el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH). Catalogado como un trastorno que se manifiesta por presentar dificultades crónicas para mantener la concentración (déficit de atención), sobre todo en circunstancias que ofrecen baja estimulación, y la falta de inhibición/control sobre los impulsos asociada con frecuencia a inquietud motora (impulsividad-hiperactividad) y que interfieren, visiblemente, en el desarrollo del individuo y, con un papel muy notorio, en los ámbitos clínico, social, asistencial, académico y, por supuesto, seguridad vial. Apenas se conoce la sensibilidad/capacidad de la prueba psicotécnica, velocidad de anticipación, utilizada en los Centros de Reconocimiento de Conductores para la obtención o renovación del carné de conducir en España, como instrumento para detectar sujetos con TDAH. El objetivo del presente estudio es comparar el desempeño en la prueba psicotécnica que mide la velocidad de anticipación, a través del Test KCC, en una muestra de 173 sujetos, niños y adolescentes, de ambos sexos, entre los 7 y 16 años con y sin TDAH y, si otras variables, como el sexo, la edad, el índice de reflexividad/impulsividad (a través del Test de Stroop) y el potencial de aprendizaje (medido con el Test TONI-2) también influyen. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre niños y adolescentes con o sin TDAH para las variables de velocidad de anticipación, edad, sexo e índice de reflexividad/impulsividad. Sin embargo, si se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación al potencial de aprendizaje (CI) y la medida, velocidad de anticipación. Se recomienda efectuar estudios confirmatorios e investigaciones que repliquen y evalúen estas variables.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

It is a widely acknowledged and often unquestioned fact that patriarchy and its modes of behaviour and social organization favour the appearance of trauma on the weakest (and defenceless) members of society: women. In the last decades, trauma seems to have taken the baton of typically female maladies such as 19th c. hysteria or 20th c. madness. Feminists in the 20th c. have long worked to prove the connection between the latter affections (and their reflection in literary texts) and patriarchal oppression or expectations of feminine behaviour and accordance to roles and rules. With Trauma Studies on the rise, the approach to the idea of the untold as related to femininity is manifold: on the one hand, is not trauma, which precludes telling about one’s own experience and keeps it locked not only from the others, but also from ourselves, the ultimate secrecy? On the other hand, when analyzing works that reflect trauma, one is astounded by the high number of them with a female protagonist and an almost all-female cast: in this sense, a ‘feminist’ reading is almost compulsory, in the sense that it is usually the author’s assumption that patriarchal systems of exploitation and expectations favour traumatic events and their outcome (silence and secrets) on the powerless, usually women. Often, traumatic texts combine feminism with other analytical discourses (one of the topics proposed for this panel): Toni Morrison’s study of traumatic responses in The Bluest Eye and Beloved cannot be untangled from her critique of slavery; just as much of Chicana feminism and its representations of rape and abuse (two main agents of trauma) analyze the nexus of patriarchy, new forms of post-colonialism, and the dynamics of power and powerlessness in ethnic contexts. Within this tradition that establishes the secrecies of trauma as an almost exclusively feminine characteristic, one is however faced with texts which have traumatized males as protagonists: curiously enough, most of these characters have suffered trauma through a typically masculine experience: that of war and its aftermath. By analyzing novels dealing with war veterans from Vietnam or the Second World War, the astounding findings are the frequent mixture of masculine or even ‘macho’ values and the denial of any kind of ‘feminine’ characteristics, combined with a very strict set of rules of power and hierarchy that clearly establish who is empowered and who is powerless. It is our argument that this replication of patriarchal modes of domination, which place the lowest ranks of the army in a ‘feminine’ situation, blended with the compulsory ‘macho’ stance soldiers are forced to adopt as army men (as seen, for example, in Philip Caputo’s Indian Country, Larry Heinemann’s Paco’s Story or Ed Dodge’s DAU: A Novel of Vietnam) furthers the onset and seriousness of ulterior trauma. In this sense, we can also analyze this kind of writing from a ‘feminist’ point of view, since the dynamics of über-patriarchal power established at the front at war-time deny any display of elements traditionally viewed as ‘feminine’ (such as grief, guilt or emotions) in soldiers. If trauma is the result of a game of patriarchal empowerment, how can feminist works, not only theoretical, but also fictional, overthrow it? Are ‘feminine’ characteristics necessary to escape trauma, even in male victims? How can feminist readings of trauma enhance our understanding of its dynamics and help produce new modes of interaction that transcend power and gender division as the basis for the organization of society?