El estado frente a los retos de la migración en la sociedad globalizada: alternativas de actuación en el marco de las relaciones internacionales

El Objetivo de la presente tesis se dirige a analiza, de qué forma el Estado está respondiendo a los retos que el nuevo fenómeno de la migración internacional le plantea en el marco de una Sociedad Internacional globalizada: presión migratoria, migración irregular, transnacionalidad, feminización...; teniendo en cuenta las posibles alternativas de actuación que el marco de Relaciones Internacionales le ofrece y que principalmente se centra en tres enfoques teóricos: Seguridad, Desarrollo económico, y Derechos humanos. Así mismo, la investigación analiza qué factores son los que determinan la elección del enfoque de actuación concluyendo que no depende esa elección tanto de la propia naturaleza del fenómeno migratorio, sistémica, compleja y transnacional, sino de la valoración que el Estado realice teniendo en cuenta su posición e intereses en la Sociedad Internacional como resultado de la interacción con el resto de posibles actores. En términos generales, las respuestas que el Estado está ofreciendo, predominantemente en el marco del paradigma neorrealista desde una perspectiva de seguridad, no se adecúan a los requerimientos de actuación que plantea el nuevo fenómeno migratorio lo que en la práctica está conduciendo a que la gobernabilidad no sea efectiva. Sin embargo, a corto y medio plazo, no existen perspectivas de cambio de enfoque. Tan solo acontecimientos extraordinarios o una gran demanda de social podrían inducir los citados cambios.

Sociología y drogodependencia: la mirada ténica en la intervención social. Fundamentos para la constitución de una sociología de las drogodependencias

Almost thirty years have passed since the City Council of Madrid approved the first Municipal Plan against Drugs, thus laying the foundations of the current commitment to offer assistance to drug addicts. A Service that has been continuously growing (in funding), maturing (in organizations) and diversifying (in actions) during these decades, in the same manner as the scenario in which these actions are deployed has been evolving. But, what can be said today about the status of drugaddiction intervention? This study adopts a sociological approach that starts with and is focused on what has been defined as the hegemonic vision on drug addiction, with the aim of studying (precisely and progressively) the different and most widely accepted theoretical-practical developments and to understand how certain conceptions or positions determine the form of this social fact. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to understand and evaluate the performative effects of certain practices, techniques and professionals on defining and addressing a reality that is in question and/or in conflict, as a social problem. In addition, this study is focused on identifying a series of fundamental elements to address what is understood as the state of the issue of drug addiction in depth (discourse of drugs Vs. discourse on drugs) in order to offer a series of sociological questions and insights to focus attention onto this reality. For this purpose, once its intentions have been defined and due to the social nature of the object under study, the present research deploys qualitative methodology as a tool for approximation, delimiting the scope that professional technicians assume regarding the issue in question as well as their own professional practices within their organizations. Thus, we have contacted certain public as well as non-governmental organizations with long-term experience in drug addiction, so as to find out first hand, in addition to their writings, the different meanings they find in the performance of their specific practice (micro) as well as the framework within which their practice is defined and materialised (macro) on a population defined or characterised by (drug) addiction...