El audiovisual como herramienta de cambio social de jóvenes en situación de exclusión en Guatemala (2004-2014)

The audiovisual as a tool for social change among youth in social exclusion situations in Guatemala (2004-2014)” is the title of this research paper which aims to study the organizations and projects that have worked with video tools and participatory methodology with young people in marginalized social sectors in order to improve their opportunities and social inclusion. The purpose of this study also includes the analysis of the finish video products as well as the impact of the projects on the youth participants. Guatemala is a country with deep rooted and historical social inequality. This situation is currently reflected by the high violence rates, the extreme poverty and the exclusion of populations, including youth. As social participants, young people have much to say about the construction of a future plan for the country, but they are not heard. That’s why it is so important to facilitate a youth voice and research the tools that can help reach that goal. The participatory methodologies are based on the popular education theories developed by the Latinamerican School with authors such as Paulo Freire, Juan Díaz Bordenave, Jesús Martín Barbero and Mario Kaplún, among others. These methodologies have proved to be a lateral way to face the educational process by promoting dialogue, analysis, consensus search and consciousness-raising. In addition, these methodologies provide a more democratic way to format educational processes that provide students tools to promote an active attitude towards social questions. They can develop their own role of responsibility in the improvement of their own lives and contribute to the progress of their community. This research is based on observation, an extensive bibliographical review, analysis protocols for the study of video materials and projects and closed structured interviews with facilitators and project coordinators. It includes open qualitative interviews with some selected participants and with other specialists in order to complete the necessary information to structure the historical, social and political context of Guatemala...

Relación entre las habilidades de solución de problemas sociales y los rasgos emocionales negativos de la personalidad: la "tríada emocional negativa" (depresión, ansiedad e ira)

Numerosas investigaciones han encontrado una relación entre las habilidades de solución de problemas y el ajuste psicológico, llegando algunas a proponer que estas habilidades, cuando son eficaces, constituyen un factor de protección frente a las situaciones difíciles o traumáticas de la vida, mientras que cuando son ineficaces constituyen un factor de riesgo para la ansiedad, la depresión, la ira y otros síntomas psicológicos (Nezu, Nezu y D’Zurilla, 2013). Otros estudios han señalado, sin embargo, que, en contra de la predicción general de los modelos de habilidades de solución de problemas propuestos por D’Zurilla y Goldfried (1971) y D’Zurilla, Nezu y Maydeu-Olivares (2002, 2004, 2014), no todos los componentes de estas habilidades tendrían el mismo peso a la hora de explicar el ajuste psicológico o el desarrollo de síntomas psicológicos. Estos estudios han afirmado, de hecho, que el aspecto motivacional –la orientación hacia el problema y, más particularmente, la orientación negativa hacia el problema– sería el más importante y explicaría gran proporción de los resultados encontrados en la investigación...