El Vaticano y el estallido de la guerra civil: el Cardenal Gomá reparó el fracaso diplomático del Marqués de Magaz

La posición de la Santa Sede ante el conflicto español que se desencadena tras el golpe de estado fallido del 17 de julio de 1936 fue de gran cautela, cautela que no fue entendida por los refugiados católicos en Roma que habían huido de la tremenda persecución religiosa desatada en la zona republicana, ni por la diplomacia del bando nacional que desplazó a Roma al Marqués de Magaz y consiguió desplazar al Embajador de la República Luis Zulueta. El pésimo hacer diplomático del Marqués de Magaz, unido a la actuación expeditiva del gobierno nacional contra el obispo de Vitoria y el fusilamiento sumario por el bando nacional de varios sacerdotes que apoyaban al Partido Nacionalista Vasco hizo que en la Santa Sede se empezase a considerar a los dos bandos de forma bastante similar. En esta situación, el viaje a Roma en diciembre de 1936 del Cardenal Isidro Gomá consiguió enderezar la situación en un sentido algo más favorable para el bando nacional

FR Cnc revisited: photometry, polarimetry and spectroscopy

This paper is part of a multiwavelength study aimed at using complementary photometric, polarimetric and spectroscopic data to achieve an understanding of the activity process in late-type stars. Here, we present the study of FR Cnc, a young, active and spotted star. We performed analysis of All Sky Automated Survey 3 (ASAS-3) data for the years 2002–08 and amended the value of the rotational period to be 0.826518 d. The amplitude of photometric variations decreased abruptly in the year 2005, while the mean brightness remained the same, which was interpreted as a quick redistribution of spots. BVR_C and I_C broad-band photometric calibration was performed for 166 stars in FR Cnc vicinity. The photometry at Terskol Observatory shows two brightening episodes, one of which occurred at the same phase as the flare of 2006 November 23. Polarimetric BVR observations indicate the probable presence of a supplementary source of polarization. We monitored FR Cnc spectroscopically during the years 2004–08. We concluded that the radial velocity changes cannot be explained by the binary nature of FR Cnc. We determined the spectral type of FR Cnc as K7V. Calculated galactic space-velocity components (U, V, W) indicate that FR Cnc belongs to the young disc population and might also belong to the IC 2391 moving group. Based on Li Iλ6707.8 measurement, we estimated the age of FR Cnc to be between 10 and 120 Myr. Doppler tomography was applied to create a starspot image of FR Cnc. We optimized the goodness of fit to the deconvolved profiles for axial inclination, equivalent width and v sin i, finding v sin  i=46.2 km s^−1 and i= 55°. We also generated a syntheticV-band light curve based on Doppler imaging that makes simultaneous use of spectroscopic and photometric data. This synthetic light curve displays the same morphology and amplitude as the observed one. The starspot distribution of FR Cnc is also of interest since it is one of the latest spectral types to have been imaged. No polar spot was detected on FR Cnc.