Análisis de la reglamentación europea, promulgada a raíz de los accidentes nucleares, y la determinación de la emisión gamma en alimentos importados

Novel scientific and technological progress require to seek new sources of electricity. Such response is, inter alia, nuclear energy. Nuclear power stations currently produce around a third of the electricity and 14% of the energy consumed in the European Union. A thorough aspect in the use and development of nuclear energy as power source is safety. Nuclear facilities are designed so that the probability of an accident that may affect people and environment was very low. Reasonably, preventive emergency plans take place in the own nuclear facilities in order to mitigate and minimize the consequences, and otherwise another emergency nuclear plans take place outside facilities. Monitoring programs are also conducted in the nearby nuclear facilities, according to the Recommendation reached on 8th June 2000 by the European Commission on the application of Article 36 of the Euratom Treaty for the checking of the levels of radioactivity in the environment, in order to assess the exposure to the whole population. The main objectives of these plans are to check the presence and evolution of radioactive elements and the radiation levels in the environment; to determinate the causes of its increase, if succeed; to estimate the radiological risk to the population; to set corrected measures, if necessary; to ensure legal compliance on the premises and; to verify the suitability of effluent monitoring program to detect radionuclides leaks and transfer to the environment...

Entropy production and thermodynamic power of the squeezed thermal reservoir

We analyze the entropy production and the maximal extractable work from a squeezed thermal reservoir. The nonequilibrium quantum nature of the reservoir induces an entropy transfer with a coherent contribution while modifying its thermal part, allowing work extraction from a single reservoir, as well as great improvements in power and efficiency for quantum heat engines. Introducing a modified quantum Otto cycle, our approach fully characterizes operational regimes forbidden in the standard case, such as refrigeration and work extraction at the same time, accompanied by efficiencies equal to unity.

Effect of pharmacological pupil dilation on measurements and iol power calculation made using the new swept-source optical coherence tomography-based optical biometer

Purpose: to determine whether pupil dilation affects biometric measurements and intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation made using the new swept-source optical coherence tomography-based optical biometer (IOLMaster 700©; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). Procedures: eighty-one eyes of 81 patients evaluated for cataract surgery were prospectively examined using the IOLMaster 700© before and after pupil dilation with tropicamide 1%. The measurements made were: axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), aqueous chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), mean keratometry (MK), white-to-white distance (WTW) and pupil diameter (PD). Holladay II and SRK/T formulas were used to calculate IOL power. Agreement between measurement modes (with and without dilation) was assessed through intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. Results: mean patient age was 75.17 ± 7.54 years (range: 57–92). Of the variables determined, CCT, ACD, LT and WTW varied significantly according to pupil dilation. Excellent intraobserver correlation was observed between measurements made before and after pupil dilation. Mean IOL power calculation using the Holladay 2 and SRK/T formulas were unmodified by pupil dilation. Conclusions: the use of pupil dilation produces statistical yet not clinically significant differences in some IOLMaster 700© measurements. However, it does not affect mean IOL power calculation.