2 resultados para Moléculas simples
em Universidade Complutense de Madrid
Resumo:
En esta Tesis Doctoral se demuestra, en primer lugar, la existencia de efectos catalíticos inducidos por láser en procesos de captura electrónica disociativa para las moléculas SF6, acrilonitrilo o 2-propenenitrilo (ACN) y CH3I adsorbidas en Ba y ACN adsorbida en Cu policristalino, detectándose como productos SF−5 y SF−6 para SF6/Ba, CN− para ACN/Ba y ACN/Cu y I− para CH3I/Ba. Para el sistema ACN/Cu, la medida del cociente CN−/e− en función de la longitud de onda del láser, demostró la selectividad vibracional del proceso al replicar el espectro de IR del ACN en fase gaseosa desplazado 20,17 cm−1 hacia el rojo. Estos experimentos se realizaron en un sistema experimental expresamente orientado a la espectroscopía en el infrarrojo. En un segundo sistema experimental especialmente diseñado para la detección y el análisis de electrones de baja energía generados en metal mediante luz láser visible, se estudiaron por primera vez las transiciones intrabanda entre estados sp de cobre generadas mediante 2PPE en Cu(100). Como resultado se consiguió identificar y medir la posición en energía del estado de volumen X′4 con alta precisión EX′4 =2,08±0,04 eV. En este sentido se desarrolló un modelo teórico para estudiar las transiciones intrabanda cerca del estado de alta simetría X. Los ajustes del modelo ofrecieron un valor de energía por fonón de ≈5 meV...
Resumo:
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) comprises the most polymorphic loci in animals. MHC plays an important role during the first steps of the immune response in vertebrates. In humans, MHC molecules (also named human leukocyte antigens, HLA) were initially regarded as class I or class II molecules. Each of them, presents to different T cells subsets. MHC class I molecules, are heterodimers in which the heavy chain (alpha) has three extracellular domains, two of which (alpha 1 and alpha 2) are polymorphic and conform the antigen recognition sites (ARS). The ARS is thought to be subjected to balancing selection for variability, which is the cause of the very high polymorphism of the MHC molecules. Different pathogenic epitopes would be the evolutionary force causing balancing selection. MHC class I genes have been completely sequenced (α1 and α2 protein domains) and thoroughly studied in Gallus gallus (chicken) as well as in mammals. In fact, the MHC locus was first defined in chicken, specifically in the highly consanguineous variety „Leghorn‟. It has been found that, in the case of chickens the MHC genetic region is considerably smaller than it is in mammals (remarkably shorter introns were found in chickens), and is organized quite differently. The noteworthy presence of short introns in chickens; supported the hypothesis that chicken‟s MHC represented a „minimal essential MHC‟. Until now, it has been assumed that chicken (order Galliformes) MHC was similar to all species included in the whole class Aves...