La sabiduría árabe antigua reflejada en los proverbios de Al-Maydani: traducción y análisis paremiológico de un corpus seleccionado

Little is known about Ancient Arabia before the arrival of Islam as it was an area with few inhabited settlements and it was mostly a passageway for traders. In those inhabited settlements we could find some settled Arabs, but the prevailing life style was that of the rest of the population, nomadic Bedouin Arabs who travelled from place to place looking for water and pasture for their cattle, which they lived off. The desert was their natural habitat, a hostile environment full of danger where life was not easy. Camel taming made it possible for them to live that nomadic lifestyle, and the Bedouins became inseparable from their camels and from their horses and cattle. In order to make a living they worked as hunters, transported caravans, and plundered too. In the pre-Islamic era, knowledge was transmitted by oral communication, so very little written information about that time and place remains. One thing that has been handed down are proverbs, which after the 8th Century started to be collected by several writers in various written works. Given the characteristics of those proverbs, which are conserved almost intact from their origins, we can learn much about the lifestyle in Ancient Arabia. What is to be investigated within this thesis is whether through Paremiology it is possible to learn more about this area at this historic moment that precedes the arrival of Islam, and the first years of this religion. To learn about history, we usually rely on historians and palaeontologists, but this work will demonstrate that through Paremiology it is possible to know other aspects of culture, their knowledge, the way of life, thinking, society, etc...

Los proverbios de animales en árabe clásico: análisis, estudio comparativo y equivalencias en español

This study entitled «Classical Arabic proverbs: analysis, comparative study and equivalence in Spanish», aims on one hand, to display the multiple problems we face when translating proverbs between Arabic and Spanish, and on the other hand, offers an updated check up of the proverbs uses as well as an analysis of the equivalence between proverbs. It was an arduous task looking for reference works which were of interest to our research both in Arabic and Spanish. We consulted many references but if we were to cite the most important ones, we would talk about works such as Magma alamtal by al-Maydani, which constituted the base we relied on in the analytical part of our work. Also of interest was Hayatu Al-Hayauani l-al-Kubra, from ad-Dummayri and his other work Mungid al-lugati w al-a'lam; as well as Ğamharat al-amtal by Abū Hilāl Al-‘Askarī and Ğamharat al-amtal al-baġdadiyya by‘Abd ar-Rahman Tikritī. As for the references in Spanish, we relied on Martinez Kleiseŕs Ideological General Spanish Proverbs; as well as 1001 Spanish sayings and their correspondence in eight languages from Julia Seville Muñoz and Ortiz de Urbina; also, Introduction to the study of fixed expressions by Julio Casares; Vocabulary of proverbs and proverbial phrases (1627-2000) by G. Correas; Dictionnary of sayings by Campos and Barella; the famous The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes; the work of Sebastián Orozco de Covarrubias Treasure of Castilian Spanish; as well as Sayings and Proverbs in Romance from Hernán Núñez; or Over 21,000 Castilian Sayings not contained in the Large Collection of the Master Gonzalo Correas by Rodriguez Marín. Our work covered two main levels: a descriptive empirical area that included a historical approach with a definition of the different terms related to the proverbs used in our study. The other level is analytical which, besides holding our personal stamp, has been executed through a rigorous study of the three major aspects of our research: analysis, translation and equivalence of the proverb. We started by making a brief description of the empirical part we have divided into several sections, each devoted to the study of one particular aspect...

Los espejos de príncipes en el "Javame al-hekayat va lavame al-ravayat" de Sadid-al-Din Mohammad Awfi: estudio, clasificación y adaptación al castellano de los relatos protagonizados por autoridades políticas

Objetivos y resultados: Esta tesis tiene como objetivo principal el estudio y análisis de los espejos de príncipes en la obra escrita en persa “Javāme‘ al-ḥekāyāt va lavāme‘ al-ravāyāt” (Compendio de relatos y destellos de narraciones”, en adelante, Javāme‘) de Sadid-al-Din Moḥammad ‘Awfi de Bujara (m. c. 1232 d.C), muy conocido en la literatura persa también por su Lobāb al-albāb, la primera obra conservada de reseñas de biografías de poetas persas. Para ello se han analizado las estrategias del autor para aconsejar insertando máximas en los relatos, y se ha procedido a extraer los elementos sapienciales, es decir, identificar, clasificar y analizar aquellos relatos, exordios, comentarios, digresiones y colofones repartidos en esta larga obra de temática de lo más dispar, que guarden relación con el género de los espejos de príncipes o “naṣiḥat al-moluk”, una de las denominaciones con las que se conoce este género en persa y árabe. Después de una lectura completa y minuciosa de la obra y la selección de los relatos relacionados con los espejos de príncipes se ha procedido a traducir/adaptar los relatos protagonizados por autoridades políticas del Javāme‘. Todo esto se realiza llevando a cabo una clasificación metódica y sistemática según vicio/virtud primero y por mandatarios después de los elementos gnómicos del Javāme‘ así como un análisis de los mismos en los contextos escenificados en los relatos. Se aporta así un material novedoso a la comunidad académica hispanohablante —tanto a hispanistas como a arabistas— para el estudio de los especula en la literatura persa del Medievo, textos valiosos con los que los estudiosos podrán cotejar lo que hay en español por un lado y en árabe por el otro. La clasificación se llevó a cabo según los vicios y virtudes y se ha optado por estudiarlos por personajes históricos políticos dispuestos dentro de cada virtud/vicio y por orden cronológico...