Poética de la busca en la literatura medieval francesa

Las investigaciones en torno a las estructuras narrativas de las primeras obras literarias occidentales hacen constatar la ocurrente aparición de un motivo literario que se remonta a los orígenes de la épica, en la literatura clásica grecolatina. Sin embargo, este motivo no alcanza su pleno desarrollo y esplendor hasta la llegada de la literatura medieval francesa, notablemente con el roman y en los siglos XII y XIII puesto que la materia de Bretaña retoma temas y elementos que aparecen en la Odisea de Homero las Argonáuticas de Apolonio de Rodas, la Eneida de Virgilio y las Metamorfosis de Ovidio entre otras obras clásicas. Pero la Busca, no permanecerá en el medievo sino que continuará con la literatura renacentista, la barroca, la ilustración, el romanticismo, etc, hasta nuestros tiempos. Esta cuestión la pude constatar previamente con el trabajo de fin de máster en estudios literarios, mediante el estudio de la Busca en la novela western1, pude constatar la significativa pervivencia que ha tenido a lo largo de la narrativa occidental hasta nuestros días. Observando la estructura de algunas obras universales anteriores al medievo en las que el héroe debe encontrar a un Objeto para restablecer la armonía de su entorno, me he dado cuenta de que se hace imprescindible un análisis exhaustivo de este tipo de estructura que se reproduce sistemáticamente en todas las épocas de la literatura occidental. Entonces, busqué en ensayos y estudios sobre este tipo de estructura y me encontré todo tipo de investigaciones sobre el roman medieval, desde diferentes enfoques y también de los motivos más relevantes como el del arrepentimiento, el honor y la vergüenza, etc. Sin embargo, aunque sea indiscutible la amplia obra de análisis y estudio de la literatura medieval europea, principalmente de la que se compuso en Francia durante los siglos XII y XIII, dentro de este universo, el roman artúrico casi siempre ha encabezado el constante interés por el Graal, analizándolo especialmente como símbolo, tal y como lo muestra el reciente ensayo de Victoria Cirlot “Graal. Poética y mito (siglos XII-XV)”...

Lo fotográfico en la narrativa contemporánea de lengua francesa: P. Modiano, A. Makine y A. Ernaux

The goal of this study is to define the photographic dimension as a transversal notion that accompanies texts and carries out a function that is narrative, discursive and even poetic, and as an unambiguous analytical tool that allows an understanding of the function of the photographic image in contemporary fiction. How does the photographic dimension act within a text of fiction? How does it guide it, define it, and eventually, transform it? How is the space-time element of a text influenced when the photographic dimension affects the heart of the story? How does the status of the photographic image change when it is blended with the fictional text, and how is a text reorganized in light of the photographic dimension? What interpretations are made possible by the analysis of the photographic dimension? Is it possible to narrate and read a photograph without having to see it, or to what extent does a photograph in plain view determine the writing and reading of the story? In short: What writing and reading digressions are caused by the presence of photographs within a literary text; what is their role, for example, in the activation of memory, of a dream-like state or of identity, and what symbolic dimension is introduced?...

Literatura y pensamiento en Francia. Un ejemplo : el panfleto

First of all, with this dissertation we have set as principal goal to define and to characterize the pamphlet in a French-speaking context. To do this, we will try to delimit this type of text and to demonstrate that in many occasions this term is used for classifying documents whose principal characteristic is the polemic. In the approach to this dissertation, we have mainly found two problems: on the one hand to define what a pamphlet is and to demarcate it from other similar texts both from the point of view of the content as well as the form; and on the other hand, to try to discern if the pamphlet can be included under the title of Literature and if it constitutes a literary genre for itself. To do so, we will structure our investigation in several chapters gathered in two clearly delimited parts. At the end of each of them, we will draw some brief conclusions. The first part will be focused on the study of theoretical notions. We will approach this reflection from different perspectives: etymological, comparative, literary and generic. To do this, we will approach the theories of those schools or of those authors who are more convenient to our purpose, so both our matter of study and the areas where we want to study it, raise many problems of interpretation and classification. Our aim is not to do a study on the Literature concepts or on the Literary Genre, so we will simplify those theories that are related to its main characteristics...