La legislación cooperativa latinoamericana en el marco del plan para una década cooperativa de la Alianza Cooperativa Internacional

El artículo comienza destacando la importancia de la legislación para el desarrollo de las cooperativas fundándose en el Plan para una Década Cooperativa aprobado por la ACI en su Congreso de Manchester 2012 con el que se clausuró el Año Internacional de las Cooperativas proclamado por las Naciones Unidas bajo el lema “Las cooperativas ayudan a construir un mundo mejor”. A partir de allí se ocupa del tratamiento del tema en la propia ACI y en los organismos internacionales para luego referirse a la legislación cooperativa en América Latina analizando sus principales problemas y tendencias actuales dentro del contexto antes desarrollado. Por último, como elementos coadyuvantes al logro de los objetivos del Plan en materia de legislación cooperativa, considera el Proyecto de Ley Marco para las Cooperativas de América Latina y los mecanismos de colaboración establecidos por la ACI Américas y organizaciones cooperativas nacionales con los parlamentarios de la región.

La ciudad en la narrativa latinoamericana: 1950-1975

The representation of the city has always been present in the literature. A clear example of this is the famous city of Troy. The city in terms of where the actions take place, a novel in this case, despite the efforts of some works of the contemporary narrative to eradicate or reduce to its barest minimum expression, has continued to sit as a strong element of differentiation that gives the characters certain linguistic, historical, social and cultural characteristics. In the Hispanic narrative, according to historical features of the continent, the conquest, independence, and subsequently the constitution of the republics, the representation of the city acquires some unique characteristics, whose dimensions and implications, toward the second half of the twentieth century, transcend the simple notion of 'place' in which occur the facts narrated to acquire a central notion in the works, changing from being a support to become the central structure of the novel, which is able to articulate different situations, confront characters and articulate historically to the entire countries. This paper will talk mainly about the representation of the city in the published narrative between 1950 and 1975. We will try to have a transverse reading over these works through the analysis of the representation of the city that in them we can find, and that basically divided into three broad categories, each with its own specific functions: * The royal city. Corresponds to the cities that we can actually find in the American territory, and whose spaces and descriptions, historical references and territorial, it is possible to identify the reality or in any encyclopedia: streets, historical events, places, characters, etc...