Estudio de Protictitherium crassum del Cerro de los Batallones (Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid): aportación a la filogenia y evolución de la familia hyaenidae

En esta tesis doctoral se aborda el estudio sistemático y paleobiológico de los fósiles del hiénido Protictitherium crassum FILHOL, 1883 del sistema de yacimientos miocenos del Cerro de los Batallones (Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, España). La abundancia, representatividad y el excepcional estado de conservación de los restos fósiles hallados en los yacimientos del Cerro de los Batallones, de edad Vallesiense (MN 10), han permitido contar con una excelente colección de material fósil para un estudio morfológico, sistemático, filogenético y paleobiológico detallado...

La biblioteca de la Asociación de la Prensa de Madrid

La Asociación de la Prensa de Madrid (APM) es la mayor y más influyente organización de periodistas de España agrupados en la Federación de Asociaciones de Periodistas de España (FAPE) por lo que está vinculada a las demás agrupaciones provinciales. Tiene entre sus asociados y directivos a personalidades de relieve nacional e internacional (Miguel Moya, su primer presidente, José Francos Rodríguez, Alejandro Lerroux, Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, Azorín, Concha Espina, Josefina Carabias, Manuel Chaves Nogales, Camilo José Cela… entre otros muchos). La APM nació en febrero de 1895 aunque fue en el mes de mayo de ese mismo año cuando celebró su acto verdaderamente fundacional. Nace, en principio, como agrupación asistencial y para defender los derechos de los periodistas, tanto en el terreno laboral como en el profesional. Busca los mismos fines asistenciales (farmacia, asistencia médica, economato) que otras asociaciones similares, pero muy pronto amplía sus servicios: biblioteca, actos culturales, clases de idiomas, de taquigrafía… De los 173 asociados iniciales cofundadores, ha llegado a los 7.521 con los que cuenta hoy. La APM es una institución privada sin ánimo de lucro. La biblioteca está compuesta por una rica colección iniciada el año mismo de su fundación, 1895, y que ha llegado hasta hoy con 13.208 volúmenes y una importante sección de medios de comunicación. Las primeras donaciones, todavía en el S.XIX, fueron de la reina María Cristina de Habsburgo-Lorena, Ministerio de Gracia y Justicia, Ministerio de Fomento, Congreso de los Diputados, Instituto Geográfico y Estadístico. Desde entonces ha sufrido tantos avatares de todo orden (desatenciones, cambios de sede, incendios, escasez de medios, una guerra civil…) que su conformación ha resultado una difícil tarea. En algunos periodos de su historia no pasó de ser un mero instrumento simbólico de prestigio. Sin embargo, siempre ha gozado del interés y atención de numerosos asociados que han ido donando libros de sus bibliotecas particulares...

The Spanish Space Weather Service SeNMEs. A Case Study on the Sun-Earth Chain

The Spanish Space Weather Service SeNMEs, www.senores.es, is a portal created by the SRG-SW of the Universidad de Alcala, Spain, to meet societal needs of near real-time space weather services. This webpage-portal is divided in different sections to fulfill users needs about space weather effects: radio blackouts, solar energetic particle events, geomagnetic storms and presence of geomagnetically induced currents. In less than one year of activity, this service has released a daily report concerning the solar current status and interplanetary medium, informing about the chances of a solar perturbation to hit the Earth's environment. There are also two different forecasting tools for geomagnetic storms, and a daily ionospheric map. These tools allow us to nowcast a variety of solar eruptive events and forecast geomagnetic storms and their recovery, including a new local geomagnetic index, LDin, along with some specific new scaling. In this paper we also include a case study analysed by SeNMEs. Using different high resolution and cadence data from space-borne solar telescopes SDO, SOHO and GOES, along with ionospheric and geomagnetic data, we describe the Sun-Earth feature chain for the event.

La antropología de Pedro Laín Entralgo, y su aplicación a la enfermería

Introduction. Current times are distinguished, among other things, by the instability of the events, facts and ideas that follow one another vertiginously. The circumstances that surround our society are extremely changing, as well as the way of understanding things and assessing recent developments. The material world dominates over human life. Productive tasks take first place. Appearances are unstable and the ephemeral confirms its power in the 21st century’s mentality. We are immersed in the aesthetics of seduction and image. And in human life, the expansion of needs in all walks of life has become part of the structure of human beings’ existence in the current world. The consumerist fever, the euphoria for new things have made the sense of life virtually insubstantial. All this hardly fits into the nature of healthcare professions. In our case, nursing science has scarce support in our society for continuing the research about the meaning of being a nurse that the reality of the profession requires...

Oral vaccination with heat inactivated Mycobacterium bovis activates the complement system to protect against tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a pandemic affecting billions of people worldwide, thus stressing the need for new vaccines. Defining the correlates of vaccine protection is essential to achieve this goal. In this study, we used the wild boar model for mycobacterial infection and TB to characterize the protective mechanisms elicited by a new heat inactivated Mycobacterium bovis vaccine (IV). Oral vaccination with the IV resulted in significantly lower culture and lesion scores, particularly in the thorax, suggesting that the IV might provide a novel vaccine for TB control with special impact on the prevention of pulmonary disease, which is one of the limitations of current vaccines. Oral vaccination with the IV induced an adaptive antibody response and activation of the innate immune response including the complement component C3 and inflammasome. Mycobacterial DNA/RNA was not involved in inflammasome activation but increased C3 production by a still unknown mechanism. The results also suggested a protective mechanism mediated by the activation of IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells by MHC I antigen presenting dendritic cells (DCs) in response to vaccination with the IV, without a clear role for Th1 CD4+ T cells. These results support a role for DCs in triggering the immune response to the IV through a mechanism similar to the phagocyte response to PAMPs with a central role for C3 in protection against mycobacterial infection. Higher C3 levels may allow increased opsonophagocytosis and effective bacterial clearance, while interfering with CR3-mediated opsonic and nonopsonic phagocytosis of mycobacteria, a process that could be enhanced by specific antibodies against mycobacterial proteins induced by vaccination with the IV. These results suggest that the IV acts through novel mechanisms to protect against TB in wild boar.

Automatic Counting of Microglial Cells in Healthy and Glaucomatous Mouse Retinas

Proliferation of microglial cells has been considered a sign of glial activation and a hallmark of ongoing neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia activation is analyzed in animal models of different eye diseases. Numerous retinal samples are required for each of these studies to obtain relevant data of statistical significance. Because manual quantification of microglial cells is time consuming, the aim of this study was develop an algorithm for automatic identification of retinal microglia. Two groups of adult male Swiss mice were used: age-matched controls (naïve, n = 6) and mice subjected to unilateral laser-induced ocular hypertension (lasered; n = 9). In the latter group, both hypertensive eyes and contralateral untreated retinas were analyzed. Retinal whole mounts were immunostained with anti Iba-1 for detecting microglial cell populations. A new algorithm was developed in MATLAB for microglial quantification; it enabled the quantification of microglial cells in the inner and outer plexiform layers and evaluates the area of the retina occupied by Iba-1+ microglia in the nerve fiber-ganglion cell layer. The automatic method was applied to a set of 6,000 images. To validate the algorithm, mouse retinas were evaluated both manually and computationally; the program correctly assessed the number of cells (Pearson correlation R = 0.94 and R = 0.98 for the inner and outer plexiform layers respectively). Statistically significant differences in glial cell number were found between naïve, lasered eyes and contralateral eyes (P<0.05, naïve versus contralateral eyes; P<0.001, naïve versus lasered eyes and contralateral versus lasered eyes). The algorithm developed is a reliable and fast tool that can evaluate the number of microglial cells in naïve mouse retinas and in retinas exhibiting proliferation. The implementation of this new automatic method can enable faster quantification of microglial cells in retinal pathologies.

Creación de la Red UCM de emprendimiento universitario internacional a través de las buenas prácticas del TFM del MBA-UCM y las herramientas de Crowdsourcing

Se propone incorporar herramientas del crowdsourcing como mecanismo de incentivo al emprendimiento universitario utilizando como base el Trabajo de Fin de Máster de los alumnos del MBA, creando la Red UCM de emprendimiento universitario a nivel internacional.