Relaciones de sucesos, fiesta cortesana y literatura con motivo de la boda de Carlos II con María Luisa de Orléans, 1679

El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es presentar el marco completo que abarca la real boda de María Luisa de Orleáns y Carlos II, desde que tuvo lugar la ceremonia por poderes el 31 de agosto de 1679 en Fontainebleau hasta la real entrada en Madrid el 11 de enero de 1681, basado en el estudio y edición de las fuentes que relatan el acontecimiento y los elementos teatrales y parateatrales que subyacen de dicho estudio, con la idea de demostrar la funcionalidad de la fiesta y la literatura en la celebración nupcial. La presente tesis se inscribe en la línea de investigación del trabajo que presentamos para la obtención del DEA, titulado Boda de Felipe IV y Mariana de Austria (1649) Relaciones de sucesos y poesía celebrativa, cuya elaboración abrió el campo de investigación de la tesis que ahora presentamos en tres direcciones: la primera de ellas, el estudio de las relaciones de sucesos cortesanas, fuente histórica principal. La segunda, la literatura española de las postrimerías del Barroco y la tercera, la figura de la reina María Luisa de Orleáns. Durante la primera parte de nuestra investigación nos hemos encontrado con muchas fuentes de información y a priori con un tema trabajado desde diferentes ángulos. De manera que la originalidad de nuestra tesis radica, por un lado, en la focalización del tema, enmarcándolo en el acontecimiento de la real boda, tomando para ello fuentes de información tanto histórica, como literaria; y por otro lado, la perspectiva ofrecida desde el punto de vista y el sentir de la reina María Luisa, que es lo que da sentido a la literatura que enmarca la boda de los reyes. El planteamiento y el contenido de esta tesis se justifican por la necesidad de ilustrar el evento regio bajo una luz que aúne la ingente información que nos ofrecen las fuentes históricas y literarias, y presentar de manera sinérgica los aspectos históricos, literarios y filológicos, demostrando con ello la indisolubilidad de estos campos de investigación para una mayor aproximación a la verdad histórica...

Assessment of the sensitivity and specificity of serological (IFAT) and molecular (direct PCR) techniques for diagnosis of leishmaniasis in lagomorphs using a Bayesian approach

Leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania infantum, is a vector-borne zoonotic disease that is endemic to the Mediterranean basin. The potential of rabbits and hares to serve as competent reservoirs for the disease has recently been demonstrated, although assessment of the importance of their role on disease dynamics is hampered by the absence of quantitative knowledge on the accuracy of diagnostic techniques in these species. A Bayesian latent-class model was used here to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the Immuno-fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) in serum and a Leishmania-nested PCR (Ln-PCR) in skin for samples collected from 217 rabbits and 70 hares from two different populations in the region of Madrid, Spain. A two-population model, assuming conditional independence between test results and incorporating prior information on the performance of the tests in other animal species obtained from the literature, was used. Two alternative cut-off values were assumed for the interpretation of the IFAT results: 1/50 for conservative and 1/25 for sensitive interpretation. Results suggest that sensitivity and specificity of the IFAT were around 70–80%, whereas the Ln-PCR was highly specific (96%) but had a limited sensitivity (28.9% applying the conservative interpretation and 21.3% with the sensitive one). Prevalence was higher in the rabbit population (50.5% and 72.6%, for the conservative and sensitive interpretation, respectively) than in hares (6.7% and 13.2%). Our results demonstrate that the IFAT may be a useful screening tool for diagnosis of leishmaniasis in rabbits and hares. These results will help to design and implement surveillance programmes in wild species, with the ultimate objective of early detecting and preventing incursions of the disease into domestic and human populations.

Evidence of Leishmania infantum infection in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in a natural area in Madrid, Spain

Leishmaniasis is one of most important neglected zoonosis and remains endemic in at least 88 developing countries in the world. In addition, anthropogenic environmental changes in urban areas are leading to its emergency world-wide. Zoonotic leishmaniasis control might only be achieved by an integrated approach targeting both the human host and the animal reservoirs, which in certain sylvatic cycles are yet to be identified. Recently, hares have been pointed out as competent reservoirs of Leishmania infantum in Spain, but the role of other lagomorphs has not been clarified. Here, 69 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) from a natural area in Madrid in which a high density was present were analyzed using indirect (immunofluorescence antibody test, IFAT) and direct (PCR, culture) techniques. Fifty-seven (82.6%) of the animals were positive to at least one technique, with IFAT yielding the highest proportion of positive samples. L. infantum was isolated in 13% animals demonstrating the occurrence of infection in this setting. Our results suggest that rabbits could play a role of competent reservoir of L. infantum and demonstrate that the prevalence of infection is high in the analyzed area.