Incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares en pacientes diagnósticados de síndrome de apnea del sueño. Factores de riesgo e impacto del tratamiento

OSAS is an increasingly common disease in general population. In Spain, the prevalence is estimated of being around 20%. This is an important public health problem, both due to the use of health resources involved and the consequences on the quality of life of the patients. Its main risk factor is obesity, a disease whose prevalence is increasing, which consequently will also cause a long term increase in the number of OSAS diagnosis. On the other hand, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Spain and also pose high health care costs. Therefore, the union of OSA and cardiovascular disease cause a high consumption of health resources and generates a large number of comorbidities and increased mortality rates. It is because of this that the early diagnosis and treatment are of great importance. Treatment with CPAP in these patients is very effective and reduces the number of cardiovascular complications...

The Impact of the Eye in Dementia: The Eye and its Role in Diagnosis and Follow‐up

Over the last few decades, the importance of ophthalmic examination in neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS has reportedly increased. The retina is an extension of the CNS and thus should not be surprising to find abnormal results in both the test exploring visual processing and those examining the retina of patients with CNS degeneration. Current in vivo imaging techniques are allowing ophthalmologists to detect and quantify data consistent with the histopathological findings described in the retinas of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and may help to reveal unsuspected retinal and optic‐nerve repercussions of other CNS diseases. In this chapter, we perform an analysis of the physiological changes in ocular and cerebral ageing. We analyse the ocular manifestations in CNS disorders such as stroke, AD and Parkinson’s disease. In addition, the pathophysiology of both the eye and the visual pathway in AD are described. The value of the visual psychophysical tests in AD diagnosis is reviewed as well as the main findings of the optical coherence tomography as a contribution to the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Finally, we examine the association of two neurodegenerative diseases, AD and glaucoma, as mere coincidence or possible role in the progression of the neurodegeneration.