Usos y aplicaciones del tratado de Andrea Pozzo, perspectiva pictorum architectorum (Roma 1693-1700) en España: docencia científica y práctica artística en la primera mitad del siglo XVIII

La influencia del arquitecto, cuadraturista y constructor de aparatos efímeros Andrea Pozzo (Trento 1642 – Viena 1709) en las artes españolas a través de la difusión de su tratado Perspectiva Pictorum Architectorum (Roma 1693-1700), es un tema que ha aparecido con cierta frecuencia en la historiografía dedicada a nuestro arte barroco. Esta popularidad no necesariamente ha significado la comprensión del fenómeno, pues en la mayoría de ocasiones, se ha tratado de manera fragmentaria y en base a tópicos. Esta tesis doctoral se centra en explicar las funciones que cumplió el tratado del jesuita Pozzo en la cultura artística en la primera mitad del siglo XVIII español así como su presencia en la educación científico-técnica de la Compañía de Jesús. El presente trabajo analiza cuáles fueron las vías de la influencia pozzesca en nuestro país, cómo y en qué campos se verificó concretamente la adopción de sus modelos, y cuáles fueron las razones del fin de su vigencia en la práctica artística. El periodo que acota nuestra investigación se abre en la última década de la dinastía austriaca en España, cuando se comenzaban a apreciar los síntomas de una dispersa renovación intelectual y cultural; y termina con la implantación del centralismo administrativo en el campo de la educación y el ejercicio artístico, consolidado por la fundación de la Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando en Madrid (1752). Nuestra investigación parte de un examen detallado de la figura de Andrea Pozzo y del estudio pormenorizado de su tratado de perspectiva. Nuestro mayor aporte en este punto es la atención a su perfil político y social para contextualizar su formación, que le caracteriza como producto del ambiente milanés filoespañol. Destacamos así mismo la relación instrumental que mantuvo con la Orden jesuita, de la que formó parte dedicado exclusivamente a labores artísticas, propagandísticas y docentes, como hermano lego; y cómo sus excelentes relaciones con los estamentos Habsburgo consiguieron que, una vez alcanzado el éxito en el ambiente romano, pudiera continuar su ascenso trasladándose a la Corte de Viena, donde obtuvo un gran reconocimiento al servicio del emperador José I y los Liechtenstein...

Historia del Instituo Lorente, (1894-1997)

Introduction. This thesis is the result of study of the Llorente Institute since its origins, contemporaries of the Pasteur Institute in France and in Sclavo Institute in Italy, until its disappearance in 1997 as a pharmaceutical laboratory. Synthesis. The first objective was to demonstrate the development of research activity of Llorente Institute. It was also intended to clarify what were the real causes of its decline, which can be attributed not only to internal factors, but also to general policies that concerned a set of pharmaceutical companies. Dr. Vicente Llorente figure is not the essential part of this thesis, although it have made new contributions about on their way through politics as a member of the Restoration Parliament during the legislatures between 1899 and 1905. Research carried out in the General Archive of the State Administration and in the Mercantile Register are the main sources of this research, together with the testimony and unpublished documents provided by his last owners. Also, it has been important to the development of products that constituted the vademecum of Llorente Institute...

Estudio, edición crítica y traducción del "Memoriale virtvtvm" de Alfonso de Cartagena

Alfonso de Cartagena (1385-1456), possibly the most representative figure of the courtly, political and cultural dimension built around Juan II, was the third son of the famous convert Pablo de Santa Maria, Burgos’ rabbi and, later on, bishop of that same town. He started his career as governor of Cartagena’s cathedral, afterwards he was named dean of Santiago and Segovia, canon of Burgos and, after his father’s death, bishop of Burgos. Alternatively, he played a vital role in Castile’s national and international politics, as an ambassador in Portugal’s court, at Basel’s council and before Poland’s and Germany’s kings. His work, written both in Latin and Romance, either as an historian, treatise writer, theologist or translator, is quite broad; his literary connections were strong either with Italian humanists or with those who were fond of the language arts from Spain. The first part of this Thesis seeks to provide a wide enough perspective of the author, for which we place the emphasis on the most distinctive aspects of his life. Therefore, we divided the introduction in three sections: a biographical overview, his work and, last, a study on the Memoriale uirtutum itself. Thus, regarding the first aspect, we focus on the course of his life (§1.1), where we can highlight his university education, which isn’t restricted to his training as a jurist, but we also observe that his mental vitality takes him to develop certain inquisitiveness for Moral Philosophy or Latin, which leads him to study Grammar and Rhetoric; this would allow the influence of studia humanitatis to emerge, although he never got to learn the Greek language, as we can deduce from the epistolary confrontation between him and Leonardo Bruni. We also focus on the significance of his Jewish past, upon the defence of the converts during the massacre experienced in the XVth century (§1.2), and on his presence at Basel’s council (§1.3). Despite the fact that his work as a diplomat begins during the missions in Portugal as an emissary of king Juan II, he will get recognition owing to his legation in Basel, not only among the European ecclesiastics, but also among the scholars from Italy; the importance of Basel’s council in Cartagena’s life goes beyond his official work there, either as defending the Castilian interests, or as an active member of the purely conciliar functions, since it also had a huge impact in his intellectual growth. During this time period, Cartagena establishes a friendship with Pizzolpaso, Bishop of Milan, writer, humanist, and friend of Leonardo Bruni. As a result of this type of relationship with men of such high cultural standard, he re-awakens the study of the Classical antiquity among his contemporaries, developing a huge interest in the Greco-Roman masterpieces, which will bring him closely to the highly-regarded Spanish humanists of the XVIth century...