Multiwavelength observations of the blazar 1ES 1011+496 in Spring 2008

The BL Lac object 1ES 1011+496 was discovered at Very High Energy (VHE, E>100GeV) γ-rays by MAGIC in spring 2007. Before that the source was little studied in different wavelengths. Therefore a multi-wavelength (MWL) campaign was organized in spring 2008. Along MAGIC, the MWL campaign included the Mets¨ahovi radio observatory, Bell and KVA optical telescopes and the Swift and AGILE satellites. MAGIC observations span from March to May, 2008 for a total of 27.9 hours, of which 19.4 hours remained after quality cuts. The light curve showed no significant variability yielding an integral flux above 200 GeV of (1.3 ± 0.3) × 10^(−11) photons cm^(−2) s^( −1) . The differential VHE spectrum could be described with a power-law function with a spectral index of 3.3 ± 0.4. Both results were similar to those obtained during the discovery. Swift XRT observations revealed an X-ray flare, characterized by a harder-when-brighter trend, as is typical for high synchrotron peak BL Lac objects (HBL). Strong optical variability was found during the campaign, but no conclusion on the connection between the optical and VHE γ-ray bands could be drawn. The contemporaneous SED shows a synchrotron dominated source, unlike concluded in previous work based on non-simultaneous data, and is well described by a standard one–zone synchrotron self–Compton model. We also performed a study on the source classification. While the optical and X-ray data taken during our campaign show typical characteristics of an HBL, we suggest, based on archival data, that 1ES 1011+496 is actually a borderline case between intermediate and high synchrotron peak frequency BL Lac objects.

¿Influye el burnout en la intención de continuar de voluntarios en actividades de bajo nivel de estrés?

Con el objetivo de estudiar la influencia del burnout en la permanencia de dos tipos de voluntariado habitualmente poco estudiados, 184 voluntarios que realizaban actividades de tipo asistencial, formativo o de administración y gestión, y 162 voluntarios que realizaban actividades de campo dirigidas a la defensa medioambiental, completaron el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach y tres medidas que evaluaban la intención de continuar como voluntario a los seis meses, al año y a los dos años. Los resultados indican que los voluntarios estudiados experimentan los síntomas del burnout algunas veces al año, lo que coincide con los niveles de burnout experimentados por voluntarios que realizan actividades tradicionalmente más asociadas a la experiencia de este síndrome. Los datos también parecen indicar la existencia de una relación negativa entre la experiencia del burnout y la intención de continuar.